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Air Canada Selects Boeing 737 MAX to Renew Mainline Narrowbody Fleet

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Old Sep 19, 2017, 10:25 am
FlyerTalk Forums Expert How-Tos and Guides
Last edit by: 24left
Jan 18 2021 TC issues Airworthiness Directive for the 737 MAX
Link to post https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/32976892-post4096.html

Cabin photos

Post 976 https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/29534462-post976.html
Post 1300 https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/29780203-post1300.html

Cabin Layout

Interior Specs can be found here https://www.aircanada.com/ca/en/aco/home/fly/onboard/fleet.html







- Window seats may feel narrower to come as the armrests are placed "into" the "curvature" of the cabin.
- Seats with no windows feel even more narrower as there is no space created by the curvature of window.
- All bulkhead seats have very limited legroom.
- Seats 15A, 16A, 16F, 17A and 17F have limited windows.
- Exit rows 19 and 20 have more legroom than regular preferred seats.

Routes

The 737 MAX is designated to replace the A320-series. Based on announcements and schedule updates, the following specific routes will be operated by the 737 MAX in future:

YYZ-LAX (periodic flights)
YYZ-SNN (new route)
YUL-DUB (new route)
YYZ/YUL-KEF (replacing Rouge A319)
YYT-LHR (replacing Mainline A319)
YHZ-LHR (replacing Mainline B767)
Hawaii Routes YVR/YYC (replacing Rouge B767)
Many domestic trunk routes (YYZ, YVR, YUL, YYC) now operated by 7M8, replacing A320 family
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Air Canada Selects Boeing 737 MAX to Renew Mainline Narrowbody Fleet

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Old Aug 22, 2019, 3:34 pm
  #3136  
 
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Originally Posted by CZAMFlyer
Thanks Fiordland. I was just surprised that Boeing might install an unapproved (as yet) solution in a non Boeing-owned airframe, and would instead conduct such demonstrations in their own aircraft. Perhaps it's logistically easier to use the local aircraft in each of the jurisdictions Boeing reps visit on their travelling road (air) show.
Here is a write up on some of testing they are planning to do with less experience pilots at the US airlines. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-e...-idUSKCN1VC28R
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Old Aug 22, 2019, 3:51 pm
  #3137  
 
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For those who are just skimming the news .... the latest failures that the FAA found (a few weeks ago), do go pretty deep into the rabbit hole of possible problems.

ref: https://www.seattletimes.com/busines...ight-controls/
In sessions in a Boeing flight simulator in Seattle, two FAA engineering test pilots, set up a session to test 33 different scenarios that might be sparked by a rare, random microprocessor fault in the jet’s flight-control computer. This was standard testing that’s typically done in certifying an airplane, but this time it was deliberately set up to produce specific effects similar to what happened on the Lion Air and Ethiopian flights.

The fault occurs when bits inside the microprocessor are randomly flipped from 0 to 1 or vice versa. This is a known phenomenon that can happen due to cosmic rays striking the circuitry. Electronics inside aircraft are particularly vulnerable to such radiation because they fly at high altitudes and high geographic latitudes where the rays are more intense.

During the tests, 33 different scenarios were artificially induced by deliberately flipping five bits on the microprocessor, an error rate determined appropriate by prior analysis. For all five bits, each 1 became a 0 and each 0 became a 1. This is considered a single fault, on the assumption that some cause, whether cosmic rays or something else, might flip all five bits at once.

For these simulations, the five bits flipped were chosen in light of the two deadly crashes to create the worst possible combinations of failures to test if the pilots could cope.

In one scenario, the bits chosen first told the computer that MCAS was engaged when it wasn’t. This had the effect of disabling the cut-off switches inside the pilot-control column, which normally stop any uncommanded movement of the horizontal tail if the pilot pulls in the opposite direction. MCAS cannot work with those cut-off switches active and so the computer, fooled into thinking MCAS was operating, disabled them.
Obviously this should all have been discovered long before now ... but credit where it's due, that's a pretty significant test.
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Old Aug 22, 2019, 4:23 pm
  #3138  
 
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Originally Posted by canopus27
For those who are just skimming the news .... the latest failures that the FAA found (a few weeks ago), do go pretty deep into the rabbit hole of possible problems.

ref: https://www.seattletimes.com/busines...ight-controls/

Obviously this should all have been discovered long before now ... but credit where it's due, that's a pretty significant test.
It's a significant test,and a normal one that they had previously decided to skip. You don't get credit for doing normal after several hundred people died.

As to the TC peeps aboard the flight today, maybe they were testing wifi bandwidth.
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Old Aug 22, 2019, 4:26 pm
  #3139  
 
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Originally Posted by canopus27
For those who are just skimming the news .... the latest failures that the FAA found (a few weeks ago), do go pretty deep into the rabbit hole of possible problems.

ref: https://www.seattletimes.com/busines...ight-controls/

Obviously this should all have been discovered long before now ... but credit where it's due, that's a pretty significant test.
I don't recall where I read it, but in a further description about this particular type of test, the article said there are no recorded instances where a bit has randomly flipped in the manner the scenarios are testing.
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Old Aug 22, 2019, 4:28 pm
  #3140  
 
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Originally Posted by RangerNS
It's a significant test,and a normal one that they had previously decided to skip. You don't get credit for doing normal after several hundred people died.
Did they actually skip that test before? Don't get me wrong, I'm not defending Boeing, nor am I disputing you ... but my read was just that the new variation here was not that the "bit flipped" test was new for the MAX, but rather that this time they had specifically selected bits to flip based on the new understanding of the MCAS. Which, obviously, they didn't realize before was going to be a problem.
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Old Aug 22, 2019, 4:31 pm
  #3141  
 
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Originally Posted by bimmerdriver
I don't recall where I read it, but in a further description about this particular type of test, the article said there are no recorded instances where a bit has randomly flipped in the manner the scenarios are testing.
Yes, I read the same. Which is, I think, as it should be -- you test to more extreme conditions that you ever expect to see in real life.

I don't believe that extreme turbulence actually rips the wings off planes, either .... but they still test wings to the point of failure.
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Old Aug 22, 2019, 5:09 pm
  #3142  
 
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Originally Posted by canadiancow
Does that mean the fix has been deployed on that aircraft?
Unable to say, but FTPs are being performed.

Originally Posted by CZAMFlyer
Thanks Fiordland. I was just surprised that Boeing might install an unapproved (as yet) solution in a non Boeing-owned airframe, and would instead conduct such demonstrations in their own aircraft. Perhaps it's logistically easier to use the local aircraft in each of the jurisdictions Boeing reps visit on their travelling road (air) show.
TCCA is responsible for certification Canadian registered operators, and since this 737-8 issue has resulted in mass hysteria of the plebs, this has gone from a minor safety issue to a major political issue. As such, TCCA is being sure to appear to be in the lead for Canadian related certification activities, as various news outlets are filing FOIA requests on a regular basis.

Originally Posted by expert7700
No fix yet, been following airliners.net and Boeing has gone silent after saying they will address the list that needs done (dual inputs, both computers active, etc).
Rumored to take 2-3 months after fix is formally submitted to FAA for them to sign off. Plus who knows how long for other regulators. I'd say Q1 or Q2 2020.
"No fix yet" is a pretty bold assertion to make by someone not working for Boeing. Just because another useless web forum filled with misinformation - written by people who do not even know what it is they do not know - does not mean work is not actively being performed. There is a lot of being done on this issue, and Boeing is under no obligation to satisfy the idle curiosity of a few plebs that think they are more knowledgeable about a topic than they actually are.

The only people Boeing need to communicate with at this point in time are the various regulatory agencies and various operators, and quite frankly, the less that is disclosed publicly at this point, the better. There are far too many ignorant vulturous media personnel ready to print exaggerative & sensationalist drivel just to get a few more eyeballs.

Originally Posted by canopus27
Did they actually skip that test before? Don't get me wrong, I'm not defending Boeing, nor am I disputing you ... but my read was just that the new variation here was not that the "bit flipped" test was new for the MAX, but rather that this time they had specifically selected bits to flip based on the new understanding of the MCAS. Which, obviously, they didn't realize before was going to be a problem.
Bit flipping (as well as fuzzing) tests are extensively performed, however humans can only anticipate so many scenarios, now that a new scenario has been identified, a specific bit flipping series of tests has been designed to address the previously unidentified scenario.


Originally Posted by canopus27
Yes, I read the same. Which is, I think, as it should be -- you test to more extreme conditions that you ever expect to see in real life.
I don't believe that extreme turbulence actually rips the wings off planes, either .... but they still test wings to the point of failure.
No, wings are tested 150% of maximum load, if the wings do not break at 155% of maximum load, people get fired (I unfortunately heard the screaming sessions by VPs as people were being stripped alive and summarily escorted out of the building) and the wings get redesigned such that they break at 150% of maximum load.
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Old Aug 22, 2019, 5:20 pm
  #3143  
 
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Originally Posted by jaysona
No, wings are tested 150% of maximum load, if the wings do not break at 155% of maximum load, people get fired (I unfortunately heard the screaming sessions by VPs as people were being stripped alive and summarily escorted out of the building) and the wings get redesigned such that they break at 150% of maximum load.
So noted - although that's still consistent with the core of my comment, which was that testing is done to levels that exceed what is expected to be encountered in real life.
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Old Aug 22, 2019, 6:08 pm
  #3144  
 
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Originally Posted by canopus27
Did they actually skip that test before? Don't get me wrong, I'm not defending Boeing, nor am I disputing you ... but my read was just that the new variation here was not that the "bit flipped" test was new for the MAX, but rather that this time they had specifically selected bits to flip based on the new understanding of the MCAS. Which, obviously, they didn't realize before was going to be a problem.
As far as I recall, the test was performed, but I don't think it was performed during a phase of flight where MCAS was operational. That's the difference in the new test.
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Old Aug 22, 2019, 8:26 pm
  #3145  
 
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Originally Posted by bimmerdriver
As far as I recall, the test was performed, but I don't think it was performed during a phase of flight where MCAS was operational. That's the difference in the new test.
I would say MCAS was not looked at any more closely than any other system on the plane during initial tests. Only after the crashes did they decide to really scrutinize the system, too little too late!
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Old Aug 22, 2019, 10:55 pm
  #3146  
 
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Originally Posted by codfather
I would say MCAS was not looked at any more closely than any other system on the plane during initial tests. Only after the crashes did they decide to really scrutinize the system, too little too late!
i’m not so sure about that. IMHO, when the AFHA (aircraft level safety assessment) and SFHA (system level safety assessment) were performed some assumptions were made. What those assumptions were, I have no idea (and I have mentioned to several people that the SFHA needs to be reviewed) but the results for the initial SFHA appear to have been that the failure of MCAS would not result in a catastrophic event.

i am not yet convinced that the SFHA was flawed, but that is because I have not been able to read the initial SFHA, in the absence of the SFHA we can only speculate as to the reason(s) for the ensuing mess that Boeing and the operators are currently dealing with.

The output of the AFHA and SFHA determine the DAL of the system and the type and nature of testing that needs to be performed.

For those interested in more in-depth information about the AFHA and SFHA, purchase a copy of ARP4754A and ARP4761 from the SAE website.

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Old Aug 22, 2019, 11:29 pm
  #3147  
 
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Originally Posted by jaysona


i’m not so sure about that. IMHO, when the AFHA (aircraft level safety assessment) and SFHA (system level safety assessment) were performed some assumptions were made. What those assumptions were, I have no idea (and I have mentioned to several people that the SFHA needs to be reviewed) but the results for the initial SFHA appear to have been that the failure of MCAS would not result in a catastrophic event.

I wouldn't be surprised if a failure rate for the AOA vane was used which turned out to be not statistically accurate in an operational context vs. the lab/analysis environment where it was likely generated, but that's probably not going to turn out to be the overriding issue. My guess is that Boeing assumed pilot recognition of a trim runaway as the mitigation for an MCAS fault. Unfortunately (and especially in the Lion Air crash where MCAS information was not circulated) this presented differently enough from trim runaways in training that the crews were not able to:

1) Recognize it as an intermittent trim runaway and
2) Properly, under stress, execute the proper trim runaway procedure

The assumptions the airframers make of flight crew's ability to accurately and quickly diagnose rare and unusual signals, even with training, may just be overly optimistic. We saw that with AF447 and even in a more simple situation with Colgan Air 3407. Human factors is definitely a still-evolving science.
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Last edited by PeterK; Aug 23, 2019 at 12:23 am
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Old Aug 23, 2019, 8:17 am
  #3148  
 
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Originally Posted by PeterK
I wouldn't be surprised if a failure rate for the AOA vane was used which turned out to be not statistically accurate in an operational context vs. the lab/analysis environment where it was likely generated, but that's probably not going to turn out to be the overriding issue. My guess is that Boeing assumed pilot recognition of a trim runaway as the mitigation for an MCAS fault. Unfortunately (and especially in the Lion Air crash where MCAS information was not circulated) this presented differently enough from trim runaways in training that the crews were not able to:

1) Recognize it as an intermittent trim runaway and
2) Properly, under stress, execute the proper trim runaway procedure

The assumptions the airframers make of flight crew's ability to accurately and quickly diagnose rare and unusual signals, even with training, may just be overly optimistic. We saw that with AF447 and even in a more simple situation with Colgan Air 3407. Human factors is definitely a still-evolving science.
There is also 3) (after knowing about the procedure, and correctly trying to implement the procedure)

3) Being physically able to manipulate the controls.
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Old Aug 23, 2019, 9:28 am
  #3149  
 
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Originally Posted by jaysona
...this 737-8 issue has resulted in mass hysteria of the plebs, this has gone from a minor safety issue to a major political issue. As such, TCCA is being sure to appear to be in the lead for Canadian related certification activities, as various news outlets are filing FOIA requests on a regular basis.

"No fix yet" is a pretty bold assertion to make by someone not working for Boeing. Just because another useless web forum filled with misinformation - written by people who do not even know what it is they do not know - does not mean work is not actively being performed. There is a lot of being done on this issue, and Boeing is under no obligation to satisfy the idle curiosity of a few plebs that think they are more knowledgeable about a topic than they actually are.

The only people Boeing need to communicate with at this point in time are the various regulatory agencies and various operators, and quite frankly, the less that is disclosed publicly at this point, the better. There are far too many ignorant vulturous media personnel ready to print exaggerative & sensationalist drivel just to get a few more eyeballs.
"Minor safety issue"? "Mass hysteria"? Anyway...

These statements are not at all in tune with the public expectations of businesses - large or small. If corporations think that being honest, transparent, and up-front is somehow not in the public interest, they need to step up to the current century of public relations. If Boeing believes that the flying public doesn't need to be satisfied their new airplanes won't porpoise into the ground, then all hope for the company is indeed lost. If the aviation experts consider their customers as plebs, that in itself speaks volumes about a broken culture.

We've all seen the tendencies of many media outlets to sensationalize, and the primary reason they do so is because of an information vacuum: the affected company hasn't been willing or smart enough to get out ahead of the issue and present the facts as known. There may be legal ramifications of presenting too much information, but a competent media relations team working in conjunction with the legal team, should be able to craft a worthwhile update to the public. I think sometimes they forget it's the public who are riding in these things.

Boeing and its so-called experts have utterly failed on delivering a safe product in the Max, and more than a few VPs and above need to be stripped down and escorted from the building.
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Old Aug 23, 2019, 10:10 am
  #3150  
 
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Originally Posted by RangerNS
There is also 3) (after knowing about the procedure, and correctly trying to implement the procedure)

3) Being physically able to manipulate the controls.
True. Though it may be rightly argued that Boeing expected the crews to continue applying other normal procedures to maintain control of the aircraft during execution of an emergency procedure. The crew leveling off at low altitude with the throttles firewalled and the overspeed clacker sounding away may not be something that was anticipated, and perhaps rightly so, since the crew would be expected to take action to keep the aircraft below Vmo whenever they are flying.

Now I don't think the blame lies with the crew in the second crash, but I'm pointing that out to say that it was a convergence of events. The normal trim runaway emergency procedure SHOULD have worked in this case, just as it SHOULD work properly for a more 'normal' trim runaway. The fact that it didn't is due to aircraft AND crew/training AND human factors.
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