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Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) [2014-2016]

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Old Jan 18, 2014, 10:10 pm
FlyerTalk Forums Expert How-Tos and Guides
Last edit by: emilio911
What is it?

Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) is a "service" some merchants and ATM operators offer that will charge a cardholder in the native currency of the card rather than the local currency. A more complete definition and examples are available via this Wikipedia article on DCC. While sold as a convenience to cardholders traveling outside of their home country, it is a pure profit play by the merchants. You may end up paying a fee of up to 8% over the purchase price for accepting DCC. Always decline DCC and asked to be billed in the local currency!



Where will I see it?

You can be hit with DCC anywhere there is a difference between your debit or credit card's denominated currency and the currency of the location where you're trying to use the card. The most common example will be at a merchant overseas, but now some ATMs are offering the service too. While many US cardholders complain about getting tricked into accepting DCC overseas, some merchants in the US have started to use DCC as well.

What is the issue?

Unless you're the merchant or ATM operator, there isn't much benefit to using DCC. Some customers say they prefer knowing exactly how much they'll be charged in their home currency or may not know the exchange rate of the place where they are visiting. For example, if you are in Prague for two days and you don't know how much the Czech Koruna is worth relative to the US Dollar, you might feel more comfortable knowing that you're buying an item for $205.00 versus 4000 CZK. However, the real exchange rate as of January 18, 2014 would place 4000 CZK at $197.18. You just paid an extra $7.82 for the "convenience" of knowing how much you'd be charged!

DCC often charges about a 4% premium over the true exchange rate. The problems don't stop there since many US banks still charge a 3% foreign transaction fee (FTF) for purchases made outside of the US. Not only would you get hit with the $205.00 charge, you could also find yourself facing a total charge of $211.15 if your card has a 3% FTF.

This is a pure money grab from the merchants, and it's billed as an easy way to squeeze additional revenue out of the transaction. Numerous [1, 2] articles have talked about DCC duping many consumers. Discover even has a warning about being tricked into DCC when using a card abroad.

For example, this FlyerTalk member reported that Avis charged his Saudi credit card in Saudi riyals instead of USD for a car rental in Florida without his consent. This has also been a trend for hotels, particularly large chains as indicated here and here.

DCC is simply not worth it for the consumer. Unless you like paying a convenience fee of up to 5% of the total transaction just to know how much you will be billed, you should always decline DCC and ask to be billed in local currency when handing over your card.

Furthermore, it is in your interest to obtain a card that has a 0% FTF. FlyerTalk member kebosabi maintains a fairly comprehensive spreadsheet of EMV-enabled cards ideal for overseas travel, many of which offer a low or 0% FTF as a feature. There is also a wiki at FlyerGuide of various FTF of debit and credit cards.

What can I do to avoid DCC?

American Express currently does not support DCC on its network, so you are safe from DCC if using an American Express card. However, Visa and MasterCard card networks can support DCC, so be vigilant when purchasing abroad with a Visa or MasterCard branded card. There have been reports of being charged DCC with a Discover card in China [citation needed], but primarily the issue is happening with Visa and MasterCard cards.

Before handing your card to the merchant, always specify clearly that you want to be charged in the local currency and that you do not want DCC. For some transactions, you retain control of your card as you dip it into a chip reader and can view on a screen to select which currency you want to use for the transaction. Always select the local currencyto get the best exchange rate. Do not select the card's native currency!

Similarly, for ATM withdrawals, make sure you decline any kind of conversions. Some good examples of what to look for when using an ATM overseas are here and here. You're probably coming off of a long flight and fatigued, but educating yourself beforehand can save you from getting ripped off. The user interfaces on almost all of these ATMs are set up to encourage you to take the bait, and you have to be extremely vigilant not to fall for it.

If you are doing a PIN-based transaction, you should have the opportunity to review the total amount and denomination of the transaction before entering your PIN. If you are doing a signature transaction and the merchant has processed your transaction with DCC, cross out the amount and write "DCC refused" on the receipt. Do not sign the receipt, and demand that the merchant reverse the transaction and run it in the local currency. If no verification is required due to a small purchase amount, ask the merchant to reverse the charge and repeat the transaction using local currency. If all else fails, file a dispute with your card issuer when you return home. Even if it's immaterial, the banks will get the message like they did with EMV.

Some merchants will claim that their systems have to bill you in your native currency. This is a complete lie. But just like a mag stripe only card, this is battle where you have to be prepared. Don't settle for merchants claiming that "it has to be done this way" or "pay cash if you don't want this". Be prepared to walk away, and, if you must complete the transaction, write "DCC refused & merchant didn't give a choice" on the receipt and cross out the amount. Let the merchant know that you will be filing a dispute with your bank.

Disabling DCC

Disabling DCC on ANZ terminals in Australia

ANZ markets DCC as Customer Preferred Currency (CPC). Terminal operators can contact ANZ Merchant Services at 1800 039 025 to have this feature disabled. Currently, your Visa or MasterCard will be subjected to DCC if denominated in: CAD, CHF, DKK, EUR, GBP, HKD, JPY, MYR, NOK, NZD, SEK, SGD, THB, USD, or ZAR. All DCC transactions on ANZ will cause a 2.5% markup. Steps to avoid DCC:
  1. Insert, swipe, or tap your payment card
  2. Have the cashier select credit (CR)
  3. The terminal will display CREDIT ACCOUNT
  4. If applicable, enter your PIN
  5. The terminal will display PROCESSING \ PLEASE WAIT
  6. The terminal will display EXCH <exchange rate> \ <currency> <amount> \ ACCEPT RATE? \ ENTER=YES CLR=NO
  7. Instruct the cashier to press the yellow CLEAR (CLR) button (If entering a PIN, you can retain the terminal to perform this step yourself. If entering a signature, you can ask for the terminal to control this process, not indicating that it's a chip-and-signature card.)
  8. The transaction should now process without DCC

If you see a signature slip with DCC verbiage and a checkbox indicating a currency selection, kindly ask the merchant to void the transaction. If it's a PIN-based transaction, you have an additional opportunity to cancel the transaction because it will ask for your PIN a second time. For instance, if you see "EUR 17.29 KEY PIN" refuse to enter your PIN and start again.

Disabling DCC in China

There are many reports of forced DCC in China, and there is a great thread [closed to new posts] on DCC in China on the the China Destinations forum.

Disabling DCC on Bankcomm terminals in Beijing http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...p?id=12272&p=2 #19

jair101's DCC instructions of March 2011 http://www.etveg.com/misc/DCC_China.pdf

Disabling DCC in Eurozone and UK

DCC offered in tourist traps (Harrods Knightsbridge/Galleries Lafayette Montparnesse/El Cortes Ingles Grand Via Madrid)

Unlike the rest of the world, Visa Europe does not require merchants to collect a ticked box on the slip (presumably because merchants there don't keep signed slips under Chip-and-PIN)
El Cortes Ingles collects a signature electronically and the DCC selection is made on the signature pad - the choice is respected.
Harrods and GL rely on cashier input in the POS for the currency choice - the cashier may forget to ask. The POS do not offer voiding (only refunds), but since you're given a slip to sign the best thing to do is to deface it before signing and submit chargeback request to issuer bank on return home.

There may be smaller merchants who also collect DCC but I seemed to have pre-empted most of them by saying "charge Euros (Pounds) please"

In Spain all merchants by law are required to provide you with a complaint form called an hoja de reclamaciones if requested. The form has two carbon copies. The customer retains one copy as a record of the complaint. The merchant maintains another copy, and the third is sent to the local consumer protection bureau. Merchants are also required to post a sign conspicuously informing the customer of the right to complain (usually in Spanish and English). Do not accept the lie that they don't have any forms. This is illegal, and you are able to call the police if the merchant refuses to provide you with this official form. It's interesting to see merchants start to squirm when you know the rules, and most merchants will start to be accommodating after you mention it. (Please still fill out the form even if the merchant cooperates after mentioning it because these are likely the merchants who won't otherwise change their behavior.)

Disabling DCC in Hong Kong and Macau

Hong Kong and Macau can get as non-compliant as China, possibly because many acquirers have cross-border operations and know they can get away with non-compliant firmware and procedures.

In practice, if you are given a DCC slip, and the cashier has not taken a choice before giving you your copy, the slip will be processed in your home currency - be prepared to dispute.

Unable to disable Global Payments DCC in Hong Kong instance #1, instance #2

Unable to disable DBS DCC in Fortress Electronics HK

Unable to disable BoC DCC in Free Duty HK

Disabling DCC in Japan and Korea

Japan's just starting out http://www.flyertalk.com/forum/japan...ing-japan.html and http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...p?id=3939&p=17 #168 but there are no reports I know of where cardholders are compelled to use DCC against their will.

Korea is also not much affected by DCC but where offered, trying to opt out is harder than Japan due to the language barrier (both verbal and written)
http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...hp?id=4303&p=3 #23
http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...p?id=12272&p=2 #11

Disabling DCC in the Maldives

Disabling DCC on Global Payment terminals in the Maldives

Disabling DCC in Thailand and Taiwan

DCC present but generally not an issue. Cashier will generate quote slip is usually generated and pass to cardholder. When cardholder refuses, a verbage-free slip denominated in THB/TWD will be produced.

Certain Taiwan hotels may take deposits in cardholder currency. But these are only pre-authorisations and can be voided in full for TWD-only final checkout payments.

Disabling DCC on Websites

Airbnb - (Since the "loophole" seem not to work anymore, please report if you chargeback the DCC. )
Hotwire - You need to select your preferred currency before making a search.
PayPal - The instructions to stop the DCC on a recurring charge are here.

I got duped by DCC already before I found this thread. Is there anything I can do?

If you've been hit with DCC and the merchant did not follow the Visa/MC rules, you should file a dispute with your card issuer. Even if the transaction is a small amount, it's worth it to dispute the charge on principle. Do not let merchants get away with this scam uncontested!

If you were not clearly given a choice of currencies and did not specifically communicate a preference to be billed in your card's native currency - if you did not accept DCC - then you have recourse when filing a dispute with your card issuer. The Visa Product and Service Rules clearly state (p 339):
  • Merchants that offer DCC must be compliant with the regulations
  • Inform the cardholder that DCC is optional
  • Not impose any additional requirements to use local currency
  • Not use any language or procedures that may cause the cardholder to choose DCC by default
  • Not convert a transaction in the local currency to the card's billing currency after the transaction has completed
  • Ensure that the cardholder expressly agrees to DCC

You can even use terminology from Visa Product and Service Rules when filing the dispute, giving Reason Code 76: Incorrect Currency or Transaction Code. Reason Code 76 is used when the transaction was processed with an incorrect transaction code, or an incorrect currency code, or one of the following:
  • Merchant did not deposit a transaction receipt in the country where the transaction occurred
  • Cardholder was not advised that Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) would occur
  • Cardholder was refused the choice of paying in the merchant’s local currency
  • Merchant processed a credit refund and did not process a reversal or adjustment within 30 calendar days for a transaction receipt processed in error

MasterCard's rules also clearly state that the POI Currency Conversion must be decided by both the merchant and customer. When filing a dispute with a MasterCard, list chargeback Reason Code 4846 from the MasterCard Chargeback Guide, which covers POI currency conversion disputes in the following circumstances:
  • The cardholder states that he or she was not given the opportunity to choose the desired currency in which the transactions was completed or did not agree to the currency of the transaction, or
  • POI currency conversion took place into a currency that is not the cardholder's billing currency, or
  • POI currency conversion took place when the goods or services were priced in the cardholder's billing currency, or
  • POI currency conversion took place when cash was disbursed in the cardholdeer's billing currency.

You do have a choice of currencies. Exercise that choice!

Do not get taken by surprise when faced with DCC, and know your options. As Visa/MC purport, you do have a choice of currencies, but you need to make that choice heard! Don't be complacent in this sneaky tactic by some merchants to pad revenues.

Before going to a different country, get educated. Understand the exchange rate relative to your native currency. Know how to recognize when the merchant is trying to force DCC on the transaction, and pull out all of the stops to make sure it doesn't happen to you.

If you have a chip-and-PIN credit card, it's easier to control the transaction to try to prevent DCC. With chip-and-signature, if you get an uncooperative merchant, deface the merchant's copy of the receipt. Write LOCAL OPTION NOT OFFERED, cross out the DCC currency amount, and sign the receipt.

This will give additional evidence when filing a dispute to get the DCC charges refunded. When filing the dispute, you can use the Visa Exchange Rate Calculator or MasterCard's Currency Conversion Tool to determine the Visa or MasterCard exchange rate on the date the transaction posted to your credit card. Compare this to the DCC value to figure out the amount by which the merchant overcharged you. Don't forget to add in any Foreign Transaction Fee if your card has one. (If it does, you should really consider finding a card for use overseas without a FTF. )

Example Images (click for a larger image)

Hotel receipts in China, the Netherlands, and Dubai respectively:



Purchase receipts in China and Korea:




Cancelled translation in Hong Kong:



Novotel in Shenzen:

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Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) [2014-2016]

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Old Jul 17, 2014, 8:30 am
  #766  
 
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Originally Posted by percysmith
I'm waiting for the first ATM bank to DCC without asking.
I've seen ATMs charging out-of-network fees without asking, in Japan, at a Postal ATM if I remember correctly.

The fee was 75 yen. Maybe it prompted in Japanese, but I didn't understand...

Haven't run into DCC on ATMs so far. The Travelex ATM in British Museum has no DCC (or maybe I used a UnionPay debit card...)
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Old Jul 17, 2014, 9:40 pm
  #767  
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Originally Posted by zyxlsy
I've seen ATMs charging out-of-network fees without asking, in Japan, at a Postal ATM if I remember correctly.

The fee was 75 yen. Maybe it prompted in Japanese, but I didn't understand...

Haven't run into DCC on ATMs so far. The Travelex ATM in British Museum has no DCC (or maybe I used a UnionPay debit card...)
Was the transaction not completed in English/another language you understand?
(I have used ATMs in Japan and I was able to use it in English, though at development bank of Japan.)
I have, however, seen DCC in PEK at a ICBC machine.
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 1:34 am
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Originally Posted by AA_EXP09
Was the transaction not completed in English/another language you understand?
(I have used ATMs in Japan and I was able to use it in English, though at development bank of Japan.)
I have, however, seen DCC in PEK at a ICBC machine.
I think you're maxing things up..

There are a lot of countries where the local banks add some fee of their own (Thailand being the worst, apparently in this case japan as well, I've also seen it in Australia at some ATMs) - but that's not DCC.

Many ATMs try to do a DCC on you, but so far they never "forced" you to accept DCC. Were you forced by the ICBC machine, or did it merely offered you DCC?

By the way, I'm so far happy that Chinese banks DON'T (yet?) charge an extra fee for foreign CC's (like above mentioned) - the 180 THB in Thailand is outrageous imho.
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 6:18 am
  #769  
 
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Originally Posted by AA_EXP09
Was the transaction not completed in English/another language you understand?
(I have used ATMs in Japan and I was able to use it in English, though at development bank of Japan.)
I have, however, seen DCC in PEK at a ICBC machine.
It was in English. I didn't expect the fee at that time, so maybe I didn't pay enough attention in reading the text. I do feel Japanese people are honest, so maybe I just missed it. The fee was shown on the receipt.

ICBC ATMs have DCC? I need to run downstairs and try it out just to confirm~ I only use UnionPay debit cards in China, and even abroad, since I pay no extra fees on that. Chase charges me 3% so the Visa debit is only my last resort.

Will report back how it behaves.

Originally Posted by YuropFlyer
I think you're maxing things up..

There are a lot of countries where the local banks add some fee of their own (Thailand being the worst, apparently in this case japan as well, I've also seen it in Australia at some ATMs) - but that's not DCC.

Many ATMs try to do a DCC on you, but so far they never "forced" you to accept DCC. Were you forced by the ICBC machine, or did it merely offered you DCC?

By the way, I'm so far happy that Chinese banks DON'T (yet?) charge an extra fee for foreign CC's (like above mentioned) - the 180 THB in Thailand is outrageous imho.
Yes, out-of-network fees are not DCC. In USA, especially in NYC, it seems like there is no way out of the $3 if you use UnionPay.

No matter it is DCC or fees, if you are given choices and they are honored, I have no problem at all.
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 6:37 am
  #770  
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Originally Posted by zyxlsy

ICBC ATMs have DCC?
I pull (using my Schwab card) money out of ICBC ATMs at least once a day now, and always end up within 20 basis points of the WSJ rate. Please tell us more about any bad machines you discover.
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 12:59 pm
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I've seen DCC at ATMs in many countries - but never one that forces you to accept.

Add South Korea to the list of countries which impose fees on foreign ATM users. Back in December there were no surcharges. On my last visit in May, every machine I got was imposing a 4,000-6,000 KRW fee on top for each transaction.
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 1:18 pm
  #772  
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Originally Posted by tng11
I've seen DCC at ATMs in many countries - but never one that forces you to accept.

Add South Korea to the list of countries which impose fees on foreign ATM users. Back in December there were no surcharges. On my last visit in May, every machine I got was imposing a 4,000-6,000 KRW fee on top for each transaction.
Were these charges separated out such that if your bank reimburses fees they could do so, or was the fee encapsulated in the total withdrawal amount?
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 2:47 pm
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Originally Posted by tng11
I've seen DCC at ATMs in many countries - but never one that forces you to accept.

Add South Korea to the list of countries which impose fees on foreign ATM users. Back in December there were no surcharges. On my last visit in May, every machine I got was imposing a 4,000-6,000 KRW fee on top for each transaction.
Thats hefty.. and will South Korea put into the same category as Thailand or japan for me.. a country that thinks it's fine for it's banks to charge foreigners left and right..

Seems China (inkl. HKG, Macao, Taiwan) is the only country in the region that is not slapping you with extra fees at the ATMs.. kind of surprising, as DCC (the other bad thing of CCs) started more or less there..
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 4:32 pm
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Originally Posted by Majuki
Were these charges separated out such that if your bank reimburses fees they could do so, or was the fee encapsulated in the total withdrawal amount?
Is it common practice to separate charges from the withdrawal amount?

My experience in Canada and the US is that the operator fee is lumped into the withdrawal amount (i.e. it shows as one debit and not two separate, nor is it itemized from what I can see.) My bank does refund the operator fee for withdrawals from other Canadian banks, but apparently the system just recognizes anything over a "round" number and refunds it.

Originally Posted by YuropFlyer
Thats hefty.. and will South Korea put into the same category as Thailand or japan for me.. a country that thinks it's fine for it's banks to charge foreigners left and right..

Seems China (inkl. HKG, Macao, Taiwan) is the only country in the region that is not slapping you with extra fees at the ATMs.. kind of surprising, as DCC (the other bad thing of CCs) started more or less there..
On the contrary I've never been charged operator fees in Japan. I do recall a few years ago being charged 100/200 yen for a withdrawal at certain times, but 7-11 and Japan Post ATMs didn't impose any fees the last time I was there in May.

I find surcharging to be more the exception than the norm these days. I can only really recall ATMs in the US, Australia, South Korea and Thailand imposing these fees - the rest of Asia and all of Europe has been good so far.
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 5:15 pm
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Originally Posted by tng11
On the contrary I've never been charged operator fees in Japan. I do recall a few years ago being charged 100/200 yen for a withdrawal at certain times, but 7-11 and Japan Post ATMs didn't impose any fees the last time I was there in May.
I used UnionPay debit, on a Postal ATM near Shinagawa station, in Oct 2012. The charge was only 75 yen.

Originally Posted by tng11
Add South Korea to the list of countries which impose fees on foreign ATM users. Back in December there were no surcharges. On my last visit in May, every machine I got was imposing a 4,000-6,000 KRW fee on top for each transaction.
Dude, funny you should bring this up. My wife was all shopping non-stop when we were in Korea this Feb and Apr. So I went out and did some experiments on ATMs. My conclusion is, using Korean ATMs won't result in the extra charges, but foreign ATMs like Citi will.

This is on UnionPay cards of course. Maybe it is different when Visa/MC are brought into the game?

But I think the charge was like 3000? Because I recall me thinking "$3"...
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 5:30 pm
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Originally Posted by zyxlsy
Dude, funny you should bring this up. My wife was all shopping non-stop when we were in Korea this Feb and Apr. So I went out and did some experiments on ATMs. My conclusion is, using Korean ATMs won't result in the extra charges, but foreign ATMs like Citi will.

This is on UnionPay cards of course. Maybe it is different when Visa/MC are brought into the game?

But I think the charge was like 3000? Because I recall me thinking "$3"...
Well, I guess Visa/MC is a different story!

When I landed at ICN my first stop was the Shinhan ATM in arrivals - it wanted a charge so I tried the KB ATM a few steps over and the same story!

In town I also tried Citi and KEB machines and pretty much concluded every Korean ATM was going to take me for a ride.
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 5:40 pm
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Originally Posted by tng11
Well, I guess Visa/MC is a different story!

When I landed at ICN my first stop was the Shinhan ATM in arrivals - it wanted a charge so I tried the KB ATM a few steps over and the same story!

In town I also tried Citi and KEB machines and pretty much concluded every Korean ATM was going to take me for a ride.
That's trully horrible.

Seriously, Korea, ...?

I'll definitely rate you as 3rd world country if you keep this up.. japan might not be much better, but then in China, ATMs never gave me such ridiculous extra charges..

Another reason to visit Beijing and Shanghai, and to skip Seoul.. seriously, what were you thinking? You might gain a few $ this way, but you're pissing off WAY more people..
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 5:58 pm
  #778  
 
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Network differences also explain the Japan thing. Some ATMs there will charge for UnionPay but not Visa/MC. A good many will only take UnionPay.

Korea seems to be the reverse. I was never charged extra while using my UnionPay card, but the only MC card I tried was my Citi debit card in a Citi machine and never tried a Visa.
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 6:16 pm
  #779  
 
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Originally Posted by tng11
In town I also tried Citi and KEB machines and pretty much concluded every Korean ATM was going to take me for a ride.
Have you tried Woori machines? Next time in Seoul I will try Visa myself. Seem like a pretty dire situation there...

Originally Posted by YuropFlyer
That's trully horrible.

Seriously, Korea, ...?

I'll definitely rate you as 3rd world country if you keep this up.. japan might not be much better, but then in China, ATMs never gave me such ridiculous extra charges..

Another reason to visit Beijing and Shanghai, and to skip Seoul.. seriously, what were you thinking? You might gain a few $ this way, but you're pissing off WAY more people..
Shanghai is awesome, but no dude, no Beijing please... Also, China is famous for the forced DCC, right?

(By comparing Seoul and Beijing, I will appraise the Beijing's subway. It is going so slowly, because the system is not designed to handle this much people, so they just slow them down, and add more trains. This way, it is so safe, your know? Even if the second train cannot stop in time, it would only be considered as a fender bender

So safe, no possibility of horrible collisions at all.

Just inhumanly crowded. And you have North Korea style people with red armband and megaphones in the station shouting "get off the train, get off the train, move!", as part of 文明乘车管理员 program...)

Originally Posted by jamar
Network differences also explain the Japan thing. Some ATMs there will charge for UnionPay but not Visa/MC. A good many will only take UnionPay.

Korea seems to be the reverse. I was never charged extra while using my UnionPay card, but the only MC card I tried was my Citi debit card in a Citi machine and never tried a Visa.
It is definitely worth trying around and learn~

Originally Posted by moondog
I pull (using my Schwab card) money out of ICBC ATMs at least once a day now, and always end up within 20 basis points of the WSJ rate. Please tell us more about any bad machines you discover.
Hey moondog, does Schwab know how to refund you if the ATM fee is lumped into the total? Say you withdraw 100 CAD = 93.12 USD, and ATM fee is 3 CAD, so the total is 95.92 USD. Have you ever tried this? How would Schwab do with this?
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Old Jul 18, 2014, 6:42 pm
  #780  
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Originally Posted by zyxlsy


Hey moondog, does Schwab know how to refund you if the ATM fee is lumped into the total? Say you withdraw 100 CAD = 93.12 USD, and ATM fee is 3 CAD, so the total is 95.92 USD. Have you ever tried this? How would Schwab do with this?
Yes, they are great about this. Many Chinese banks actually do charge an ATM fee, but Schwab always (well, not quite always) credits me for this.
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