TSA and the Law
#61
Join Date: Aug 2004
Posts: 4,704
But would you trust your employer blindly not to give an illegal order?
You may not have to know it came from Tennesee v. Garner, but knowing that there is a court case or law showing that something bad can happen to an LEO can be helpful if a superior gives an order to shoot that felon anyway. By not knowing about that precedent, the LEO would shoot and put himself in a whole mess of trouble.
You may not have to know it came from Tennesee v. Garner, but knowing that there is a court case or law showing that something bad can happen to an LEO can be helpful if a superior gives an order to shoot that felon anyway. By not knowing about that precedent, the LEO would shoot and put himself in a whole mess of trouble.

The ones that get you jammed up are usually very clear, and almost always involve using force. You know when you're stepping over the line, every time.
#62
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, "just following orders" wasn't a valid defense at Nuremberg.
The ones that get you jammed up are usually very clear, and almost always involve using force. You know when you're stepping over the line, every time.
Last edited by Superguy; Apr 30, 2009 at 5:35 pm
#63
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Ron's "I'll just blindly follow the instructions of my supervisors" attitude is an excellent example of why it's impossible to take TSA and their "officers" seriously.
#64
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I'm just sitting here munching on my popcorn and don't have much to substantively add to this conversation except in response to the above. As I read it, what he meant is that if TSOs follow policy laid out by upper management it's not necessary for them to know every legal precedent, court ruling, etc.
For instance, as a LEO I need to know I can't shoot a fleeing felon in the back. I don't need to know that came about due to Tennessee v. Garner.
#65
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You make my point for me. Thanks.
One cannot be sure of the attitude of the individual they face. A guess is the best one can expect, and a hope that one has not made an error.
And another is politeness. Both given and received. About the same thing you have said, but I take it a bit further than you. Rudeness is the strongest sign of a collapsing society, and rudeness is all to common in this day. The folks at the TSA are just as guilty of this as anyone in our society, and this is why they are trying to address it using the Evolution of Security training that we have all received.
I disagree. The TSA needs uncommon sense. We face an uncommon enemy, and common thought has proven only marginally effective against them. We need to look beyond the usual and work on seeing the unusual. That is what EOS training is supposed to be teaching us. Now all we need is the other parts, the Customer Service parts of the program that are still deployed only to a few airports.
One cannot be sure of the attitude of the individual they face. A guess is the best one can expect, and a hope that one has not made an error.
And another is politeness. Both given and received. About the same thing you have said, but I take it a bit further than you. Rudeness is the strongest sign of a collapsing society, and rudeness is all to common in this day. The folks at the TSA are just as guilty of this as anyone in our society, and this is why they are trying to address it using the Evolution of Security training that we have all received.
I disagree. The TSA needs uncommon sense. We face an uncommon enemy, and common thought has proven only marginally effective against them. We need to look beyond the usual and work on seeing the unusual. That is what EOS training is supposed to be teaching us. Now all we need is the other parts, the Customer Service parts of the program that are still deployed only to a few airports.
But there is still a disconnect.
It is the aircrew who is most responsible for getting me to my destination safely.
TSA is in place to keep dangerous things off of the airplanes. That's it! Nothing more! No more is asked for by the public!
I have been through several airports in recent months. The process is similar at each but the degree of civility is certainly not the same. I have seen TSO's who present a neat appearance to those whose shirttails are hanging out and seem to be on the job just to collect a paycheck. The same spread of treating people well to not well has been observed. This is a failure of management!
TSA has a pretty simply job, yet fails to perform that job well. Instead, TSA gets all wrapped up in things that should be of no concern. How much cash money a person has is a perfect example. ID verification is another.
Screen people for prohibited items. All of the people entering the secure areas of an airport!
Screen carry-on for prohibited items.
Screen checked baggage for prohibited items and ensure its not tampered with after screening.
Screen all cargo, mail and any thing else that is loaded on the airplanes.
There you go, the whole TSA job in just a few sentences.
TSA should concentrate on these things and leave all else to the proper authorities.
If TSO's cannot be civil, honest and happy in their work they should quit or be fired.
There is no excuse to say procedures have to be different at each airport. They don't! How equipment is arranged perhaps, but not how TSO's do their job.
Known, published rules for travelers should be available. TSO's should have to justify going outside of those rules.
An immediate means to challenge should be available at the checkpoints elevating up to the FSD or their duty representative if needed.
I think most here agree that TSA has a role to play, it just seems that TSA doesn't understand their place in the big playbook.
Comments?
#66
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A "pleasant experience" in line would be a return to sanity. No more stupid shoe rules, water rules, laptop rules, roving BDO's, and pointless random gate screening. A cheery smile and disposition isn't going to make up for TSA's pointless inefficiency and lies.
#67
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"Airport screenings of passengers and their baggage constitute administrative searches and are subject to the limitations of the Fourth Amendment. United States v. Davis, 482 F.2d 893, 908 (9th Cir.1973) (noting that airport screenings are considered to be administrative searches because they are conducted as part of a general regulatory scheme where the essential administrative purpose is to prevent the carrying of weapons or explosives aboard aircraft); see also id. at 895, 904. Thus, airport screenings must be reasonable. See Torbet v. United Airlines, Inc., 298 F.3d 1087, 1089 (9th Cir.2002). To judge reasonableness, it is necessary to balance the right to be free of intrusion with society's interest in safe air travel. United States v. Pulido-Baquerizo, 800 F.2d 899, 901 (9th Cir.1986)."
In Davis and its progeny, we have established a general reasonableness test for airport screenings. An airport screening search is reasonable if: (1) it is no more extensive or intensive than necessary, in light of current technology, to detect weapons or explosives; (2) it is confined in good faith to that purpose; and (3) passengers may avoid the search by electing not to fly. Torbet, 298 F.3d at 1089 (citation omitted); see also Davis, 482 F.2d at 913; Pulido-Baquerizo, 800 F.2d at 901.
. . .
We have previously found airport screenings which require passengers to walk through a magnetometer and submit carry-on luggage for x-ray screening to be reasonable. See, e.g., United States v. Doran, 482 F.2d 929, 932 (9th Cir.1973); Pulido-Baquerizo, 800 F.2d at 901-02; Torbet, 298 F.3d at 1089-90. Generally, such a search is brief, is less intrusive than the typical search warrant execution, does not have a stigma attached to it, is not made by armed police, and is often made only with advance notice. Lafave, supra, 10.6(c) [emphasis mine].
U.S. v. Marquez, 410 F.3d 612, C.A.9 (Wash.),2005.
You also might find this interesting, establishing a hierarchy of intrusiveness for airport searches:
Third, the procedures involved in Hartwell's search were minimally intrusive. FN10 They were well-tailored to protect personal privacy, escalating in invasiveness only after a lower level of screening disclosed a reason to conduct a more probing search. The search began when Hartwell simply passed through a magnetometer and had his bag x-rayed, two screenings that involved no physical touching. See United States v. Slocum, 464 F.2d 1180, 1182 (3d Cir.1972) (an airport magnetometer screen per se is justified). Only after Hartwell set off the metal detector was he screened with a wand-yet another less intrusive substitute for a physical pat-down. And only after the wand detected something solid on his person, and after repeated requests that he produce the item, did the TSA agents (according to Hartwell) reach into his pocket.
U.S. v. Hartwell, 436 F.3d 174 C.A.3 (Pa.),2006
There is also this, from the same case:
In addition to being tailored to protect personal privacy, other factors make airport screening procedures minimally intrusive in comparison to other kinds of searches. Since every air passenger is subjected to a search, there is virtually no stigma attached to being subjected to search at a known, designated airport search point. See United States v. Skipwith, 482 F.2d 1272, 1275 (5th Cir.1973).
Think about how that applies to "random" gate screenings.
Here's some more:
Headnote Citing References Routine security searches at airport checkpoints pass constitutional muster *110 because the compelling public interest in curbing air piracy generally outweighs their limited intrusiveness. See, e.g., United States v. Pulido-Baquerizo, 800 F.2d 899, 902 (9th Cir.1986); cf. United States v. Ferrer, 999 F.2d 7, 9 (1st Cir.1993) (upholding warrantless search of checked luggage on alternate ground of abandonment, but faulting government's falling-domino approach, by which each intrusion diminishes privacy expectations enough to permit further infringements). Consequently, all carry-on luggage can be subjected to initial x-ray screening for weapons and explosives without offending the Fourth Amendment. In the event the initial x-ray screening is inconclusive as to the presence of weapons or explosives, the luggage may be hand-searched as reasonably required to rule out their presence. Pulido-Baquerizo, 800 F.2d at 902.
[4] Headnote Citing References Other contraband inadvertently discovered during a routine checkpoint search for weapons and explosives may be seized and introduced in evidence at trial even though unrelated to airline security. See, e.g., Skipwith, 482 F.2d at 1277-78. On the other hand, lawful airline security searches of carry-on luggage may not be enlarged or tailored systemically to detect contraband ( e.g., narcotics) unrelated to airline security. See, e.g., United States v. $124,570 U.S. Currency, 873 F.2d 1240, 1243-45 (9th Cir.1989) (upholding suppression of contraband unrelated to airline security where screeners were rewarded monetarily by law enforcement authorities for detecting such contraband in carry-on luggage).
U.S. v. Doe, 61 F.3d 107, C.A.1 (Puerto Rico),1995.
The concerns, expressed in this circuit and elsewhere, that administrative searches not become a tool for law enforcement, reflect the limited rationale supporting those searches. To sustain a warrantless search, a court must normally make a case-specific factual determination that an exception to the warrant requirement (e.g. exigent circumstances, plain view) is applicable. If the search is approved, the approval covers that case only. An administrative search is different. By approving a warrantless search under this rationale, a court places its stamp of approval on an entire class of similar searches. Because it must consider the general, long-term implications of approving a new type of administrative search, the court will focus on legislative facts-those applicable to the entire class of cases-rather than adjudicative facts-those applicable only to the case before it. The court then relies on these legislative facts to make a dual determination: (1) that the search serves a narrow but compelling administrative objective, see, e.g., Camara v. Municipal Court, 387 U.S. 523, 536-37, 87 S.Ct. 1727, 1734-35, 18 L.Ed.2d 930 (1967); and (2) that the intrusion is as limited ... as is consistent with *1245 satisfaction of the administrative need that justifies [it]. Davis, 482 F.2d at 910.
[6] Headnote Citing References Once a type of search has been approved under this rationale, the court is freed from the need to make a specific factual inquiry in every subsequent case. In later cases, the search is deemed proper if it is covered by the approved rationale. By the same token, the court cannot sustain a subsequent search that differs in material respects from the search initially approved, as the same legislative facts may not be applicable.
[7] Headnote Citing References In Davis, we approved airport security searches based on the understanding that they would be limited to searches for guns or explosives, and that they would be no more burdensome than necessary to achieve that objective. So long as the government officials conducting the searches pursue a single-minded objective-air safety-the rationale of Davis works well: the searches will, almost by definition, be no more intrusive than is necessary to achieve air safety. Not so where FTS officials have other objectives in mind. We can then no longer rely on the same legislative facts that underlay the search we approved in Davis.
U.S. v. $124,570 U.S. Currency, 873 F.2d 1240, C.A.9,1989.
And not to belabor the obvious, but a definition is not "ambiguous" because you don't understand it. It is ambiguous only if it has legitimate alternate constructions.
#68




Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: Houston
Posts: 8,957
But if the policy is contained in the SOP, which is SSI, the TSO may not have the ability to offer up that evidence in defense given cases such as Gilmore.
#69




Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: Houston
Posts: 8,957
In Davis and its progeny, we have established a general reasonableness test for airport screenings. An airport screening search is reasonable if: (1) it is no more extensive or intensive than necessary, in light of current technology, to detect weapons or explosives; (2) it is confined in good faith to that purpose; and (3) passengers may avoid the search by electing not to fly. Torbet, 298 F.3d at 1089 (citation omitted); see also Davis, 482 F.2d at 913; Pulido-Baquerizo, 800 F.2d at 901.
#70
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This gives me concerns about the legality of gate searches. Those searches are more extensive and intensive than what current technology is, i.e. x-ray machines. Also, I am unaware of a case in which a prosecution has been based on a "random" search at either the screening checkpoint or the gate. Based on dicta, a strong argument can be made that a "random" secondary search exceeds what is permissible.
There have, however, been prosecutions based on discovery of non-security-related contraband in the course of a WTMD screening search.
#71




Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: Houston
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This is what I've been saying right along. I think there is a significant constitutionality issue with gate searches, particularly when they involve a pat-down.
There have, however, been prosecutions based on discovery of non-security-related contraband in the course of a WTMD screening search.
There have, however, been prosecutions based on discovery of non-security-related contraband in the course of a WTMD screening search.
As for your second paragraph, I do know about those cases. What would be interesting is a case in which the secondary search was solely based on being "random."
#72
Join Date: Sep 2008
Posts: 684
Originally Posted by TSORon View Post
There is a very fine line between what some consider courtesy and what others consider rudeness. Its pretty much personal perception, subjective and non-quantifiable. What I see as outstanding customer service others are going to see as brisk, rude, and obnoxious. When one is dealing with individual perceptions there are always going to be disagreements.
There is a very fine line between what some consider courtesy and what others consider rudeness. Its pretty much personal perception, subjective and non-quantifiable. What I see as outstanding customer service others are going to see as brisk, rude, and obnoxious. When one is dealing with individual perceptions there are always going to be disagreements.
Originally Posted by TSO Ron
I have questioned several people here about their belief's that the TSA has no authority to do the job that we do. That we violate an individuals constitutional rights by doing the screening that we do and in the way that we do it.
The posters here have put forth a great deal of effort trying to convince me and a few others that the TSA is fundamentally doing something wrong. Seems to me that this stems from the posters understanding of their rights under the constitution, but I don’t see it the same way that they do. So, one of us has it wrong, maybe we can come to an accommodation by discussion here.
I have questioned several people here about their belief's that the TSA has no authority to do the job that we do. That we violate an individuals constitutional rights by doing the screening that we do and in the way that we do it.
The posters here have put forth a great deal of effort trying to convince me and a few others that the TSA is fundamentally doing something wrong. Seems to me that this stems from the posters understanding of their rights under the constitution, but I don’t see it the same way that they do. So, one of us has it wrong, maybe we can come to an accommodation by discussion here.
Last edited by magellan315; May 1, 2009 at 7:01 am
#73
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Join Date: Apr 2009
Posts: 2,195
Now you start to see what we're saying. A lot of screeners that post on here don't travel much. They tend to get the "tunnel vision" where how it's done at their airport is how it's done elsewhere. Unfortunately, that's not the case. Some places are certainly better than others, and have reps on here accordingly. TSA as a whole (procedures) are complained about at some airports. At others, it's that AND the screeners.
I'd be careful with that blind trust. While it's nice that you trust your employer, do you trust them enough that they wouldn't throw you under the bus and leave you on your own if TSA was sued or if something bad were to happen?
TSA, as part of the government, has sovereign immunity meaning they can only be sued if they consent to it. It's easy for them to blame the screener as a rogue screener overstepping his bounds or as an incompetent screener. Thus as others have said, by keeping you in the dark, it makes it much easier for TSA as an organization to distance itself from its screeners and throwing the screener under the bus. Ignorance of the law won't be a valid defense and TSA will probably disavow any knowledge of "asking" the employee to do something. Plausible deniability.
#74
Join Date: Sep 2008
Posts: 684
If you want to be upset with someone, be upset with Richard Reid.
Name me a big company that wouldn’t? It’s a fact in our world now days, and a part of the whole employment experience sad though it may be. The thing is to not vary from the written, and if you have no choice then you get the OK from your supervisor to do it. That puts the monkey on their back.
Last edited by magellan315; Apr 30, 2009 at 8:09 pm
#75
Join Date: Aug 2004
Posts: 4,704
The assumption being that upper management is abiding by the applicable law(s). Many here do not believe they are.But you do need to know that the law does not allow you to commit manslaughter or murder or whatever the charge would be. A screener should know the bounds of their legal authority. I don't believe upper management is overly concerned whether or not they do.

