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Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) [2014-2016]

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Old Jan 18, 2014, 10:10 pm
FlyerTalk Forums Expert How-Tos and Guides
Last edit by: emilio911
What is it?

Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) is a "service" some merchants and ATM operators offer that will charge a cardholder in the native currency of the card rather than the local currency. A more complete definition and examples are available via this Wikipedia article on DCC. While sold as a convenience to cardholders traveling outside of their home country, it is a pure profit play by the merchants. You may end up paying a fee of up to 8% over the purchase price for accepting DCC. Always decline DCC and asked to be billed in the local currency!



Where will I see it?

You can be hit with DCC anywhere there is a difference between your debit or credit card's denominated currency and the currency of the location where you're trying to use the card. The most common example will be at a merchant overseas, but now some ATMs are offering the service too. While many US cardholders complain about getting tricked into accepting DCC overseas, some merchants in the US have started to use DCC as well.

What is the issue?

Unless you're the merchant or ATM operator, there isn't much benefit to using DCC. Some customers say they prefer knowing exactly how much they'll be charged in their home currency or may not know the exchange rate of the place where they are visiting. For example, if you are in Prague for two days and you don't know how much the Czech Koruna is worth relative to the US Dollar, you might feel more comfortable knowing that you're buying an item for $205.00 versus 4000 CZK. However, the real exchange rate as of January 18, 2014 would place 4000 CZK at $197.18. You just paid an extra $7.82 for the "convenience" of knowing how much you'd be charged!

DCC often charges about a 4% premium over the true exchange rate. The problems don't stop there since many US banks still charge a 3% foreign transaction fee (FTF) for purchases made outside of the US. Not only would you get hit with the $205.00 charge, you could also find yourself facing a total charge of $211.15 if your card has a 3% FTF.

This is a pure money grab from the merchants, and it's billed as an easy way to squeeze additional revenue out of the transaction. Numerous [1, 2] articles have talked about DCC duping many consumers. Discover even has a warning about being tricked into DCC when using a card abroad.

For example, this FlyerTalk member reported that Avis charged his Saudi credit card in Saudi riyals instead of USD for a car rental in Florida without his consent. This has also been a trend for hotels, particularly large chains as indicated here and here.

DCC is simply not worth it for the consumer. Unless you like paying a convenience fee of up to 5% of the total transaction just to know how much you will be billed, you should always decline DCC and ask to be billed in local currency when handing over your card.

Furthermore, it is in your interest to obtain a card that has a 0% FTF. FlyerTalk member kebosabi maintains a fairly comprehensive spreadsheet of EMV-enabled cards ideal for overseas travel, many of which offer a low or 0% FTF as a feature. There is also a wiki at FlyerGuide of various FTF of debit and credit cards.

What can I do to avoid DCC?

American Express currently does not support DCC on its network, so you are safe from DCC if using an American Express card. However, Visa and MasterCard card networks can support DCC, so be vigilant when purchasing abroad with a Visa or MasterCard branded card. There have been reports of being charged DCC with a Discover card in China [citation needed], but primarily the issue is happening with Visa and MasterCard cards.

Before handing your card to the merchant, always specify clearly that you want to be charged in the local currency and that you do not want DCC. For some transactions, you retain control of your card as you dip it into a chip reader and can view on a screen to select which currency you want to use for the transaction. Always select the local currencyto get the best exchange rate. Do not select the card's native currency!

Similarly, for ATM withdrawals, make sure you decline any kind of conversions. Some good examples of what to look for when using an ATM overseas are here and here. You're probably coming off of a long flight and fatigued, but educating yourself beforehand can save you from getting ripped off. The user interfaces on almost all of these ATMs are set up to encourage you to take the bait, and you have to be extremely vigilant not to fall for it.

If you are doing a PIN-based transaction, you should have the opportunity to review the total amount and denomination of the transaction before entering your PIN. If you are doing a signature transaction and the merchant has processed your transaction with DCC, cross out the amount and write "DCC refused" on the receipt. Do not sign the receipt, and demand that the merchant reverse the transaction and run it in the local currency. If no verification is required due to a small purchase amount, ask the merchant to reverse the charge and repeat the transaction using local currency. If all else fails, file a dispute with your card issuer when you return home. Even if it's immaterial, the banks will get the message like they did with EMV.

Some merchants will claim that their systems have to bill you in your native currency. This is a complete lie. But just like a mag stripe only card, this is battle where you have to be prepared. Don't settle for merchants claiming that "it has to be done this way" or "pay cash if you don't want this". Be prepared to walk away, and, if you must complete the transaction, write "DCC refused & merchant didn't give a choice" on the receipt and cross out the amount. Let the merchant know that you will be filing a dispute with your bank.

Disabling DCC

Disabling DCC on ANZ terminals in Australia

ANZ markets DCC as Customer Preferred Currency (CPC). Terminal operators can contact ANZ Merchant Services at 1800 039 025 to have this feature disabled. Currently, your Visa or MasterCard will be subjected to DCC if denominated in: CAD, CHF, DKK, EUR, GBP, HKD, JPY, MYR, NOK, NZD, SEK, SGD, THB, USD, or ZAR. All DCC transactions on ANZ will cause a 2.5% markup. Steps to avoid DCC:
  1. Insert, swipe, or tap your payment card
  2. Have the cashier select credit (CR)
  3. The terminal will display CREDIT ACCOUNT
  4. If applicable, enter your PIN
  5. The terminal will display PROCESSING \ PLEASE WAIT
  6. The terminal will display EXCH <exchange rate> \ <currency> <amount> \ ACCEPT RATE? \ ENTER=YES CLR=NO
  7. Instruct the cashier to press the yellow CLEAR (CLR) button (If entering a PIN, you can retain the terminal to perform this step yourself. If entering a signature, you can ask for the terminal to control this process, not indicating that it's a chip-and-signature card.)
  8. The transaction should now process without DCC

If you see a signature slip with DCC verbiage and a checkbox indicating a currency selection, kindly ask the merchant to void the transaction. If it's a PIN-based transaction, you have an additional opportunity to cancel the transaction because it will ask for your PIN a second time. For instance, if you see "EUR 17.29 KEY PIN" refuse to enter your PIN and start again.

Disabling DCC in China

There are many reports of forced DCC in China, and there is a great thread [closed to new posts] on DCC in China on the the China Destinations forum.

Disabling DCC on Bankcomm terminals in Beijing http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...p?id=12272&p=2 #19

jair101's DCC instructions of March 2011 http://www.etveg.com/misc/DCC_China.pdf

Disabling DCC in Eurozone and UK

DCC offered in tourist traps (Harrods Knightsbridge/Galleries Lafayette Montparnesse/El Cortes Ingles Grand Via Madrid)

Unlike the rest of the world, Visa Europe does not require merchants to collect a ticked box on the slip (presumably because merchants there don't keep signed slips under Chip-and-PIN)
El Cortes Ingles collects a signature electronically and the DCC selection is made on the signature pad - the choice is respected.
Harrods and GL rely on cashier input in the POS for the currency choice - the cashier may forget to ask. The POS do not offer voiding (only refunds), but since you're given a slip to sign the best thing to do is to deface it before signing and submit chargeback request to issuer bank on return home.

There may be smaller merchants who also collect DCC but I seemed to have pre-empted most of them by saying "charge Euros (Pounds) please"

In Spain all merchants by law are required to provide you with a complaint form called an hoja de reclamaciones if requested. The form has two carbon copies. The customer retains one copy as a record of the complaint. The merchant maintains another copy, and the third is sent to the local consumer protection bureau. Merchants are also required to post a sign conspicuously informing the customer of the right to complain (usually in Spanish and English). Do not accept the lie that they don't have any forms. This is illegal, and you are able to call the police if the merchant refuses to provide you with this official form. It's interesting to see merchants start to squirm when you know the rules, and most merchants will start to be accommodating after you mention it. (Please still fill out the form even if the merchant cooperates after mentioning it because these are likely the merchants who won't otherwise change their behavior.)

Disabling DCC in Hong Kong and Macau

Hong Kong and Macau can get as non-compliant as China, possibly because many acquirers have cross-border operations and know they can get away with non-compliant firmware and procedures.

In practice, if you are given a DCC slip, and the cashier has not taken a choice before giving you your copy, the slip will be processed in your home currency - be prepared to dispute.

Unable to disable Global Payments DCC in Hong Kong instance #1, instance #2

Unable to disable DBS DCC in Fortress Electronics HK

Unable to disable BoC DCC in Free Duty HK

Disabling DCC in Japan and Korea

Japan's just starting out http://www.flyertalk.com/forum/japan...ing-japan.html and http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...p?id=3939&p=17 #168 but there are no reports I know of where cardholders are compelled to use DCC against their will.

Korea is also not much affected by DCC but where offered, trying to opt out is harder than Japan due to the language barrier (both verbal and written)
http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...hp?id=4303&p=3 #23
http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...p?id=12272&p=2 #11

Disabling DCC in the Maldives

Disabling DCC on Global Payment terminals in the Maldives

Disabling DCC in Thailand and Taiwan

DCC present but generally not an issue. Cashier will generate quote slip is usually generated and pass to cardholder. When cardholder refuses, a verbage-free slip denominated in THB/TWD will be produced.

Certain Taiwan hotels may take deposits in cardholder currency. But these are only pre-authorisations and can be voided in full for TWD-only final checkout payments.

Disabling DCC on Websites

Airbnb - (Since the "loophole" seem not to work anymore, please report if you chargeback the DCC. )
Hotwire - You need to select your preferred currency before making a search.
PayPal - The instructions to stop the DCC on a recurring charge are here.

I got duped by DCC already before I found this thread. Is there anything I can do?

If you've been hit with DCC and the merchant did not follow the Visa/MC rules, you should file a dispute with your card issuer. Even if the transaction is a small amount, it's worth it to dispute the charge on principle. Do not let merchants get away with this scam uncontested!

If you were not clearly given a choice of currencies and did not specifically communicate a preference to be billed in your card's native currency - if you did not accept DCC - then you have recourse when filing a dispute with your card issuer. The Visa Product and Service Rules clearly state (p 339):
  • Merchants that offer DCC must be compliant with the regulations
  • Inform the cardholder that DCC is optional
  • Not impose any additional requirements to use local currency
  • Not use any language or procedures that may cause the cardholder to choose DCC by default
  • Not convert a transaction in the local currency to the card's billing currency after the transaction has completed
  • Ensure that the cardholder expressly agrees to DCC

You can even use terminology from Visa Product and Service Rules when filing the dispute, giving Reason Code 76: Incorrect Currency or Transaction Code. Reason Code 76 is used when the transaction was processed with an incorrect transaction code, or an incorrect currency code, or one of the following:
  • Merchant did not deposit a transaction receipt in the country where the transaction occurred
  • Cardholder was not advised that Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) would occur
  • Cardholder was refused the choice of paying in the merchant’s local currency
  • Merchant processed a credit refund and did not process a reversal or adjustment within 30 calendar days for a transaction receipt processed in error

MasterCard's rules also clearly state that the POI Currency Conversion must be decided by both the merchant and customer. When filing a dispute with a MasterCard, list chargeback Reason Code 4846 from the MasterCard Chargeback Guide, which covers POI currency conversion disputes in the following circumstances:
  • The cardholder states that he or she was not given the opportunity to choose the desired currency in which the transactions was completed or did not agree to the currency of the transaction, or
  • POI currency conversion took place into a currency that is not the cardholder's billing currency, or
  • POI currency conversion took place when the goods or services were priced in the cardholder's billing currency, or
  • POI currency conversion took place when cash was disbursed in the cardholdeer's billing currency.

You do have a choice of currencies. Exercise that choice!

Do not get taken by surprise when faced with DCC, and know your options. As Visa/MC purport, you do have a choice of currencies, but you need to make that choice heard! Don't be complacent in this sneaky tactic by some merchants to pad revenues.

Before going to a different country, get educated. Understand the exchange rate relative to your native currency. Know how to recognize when the merchant is trying to force DCC on the transaction, and pull out all of the stops to make sure it doesn't happen to you.

If you have a chip-and-PIN credit card, it's easier to control the transaction to try to prevent DCC. With chip-and-signature, if you get an uncooperative merchant, deface the merchant's copy of the receipt. Write LOCAL OPTION NOT OFFERED, cross out the DCC currency amount, and sign the receipt.

This will give additional evidence when filing a dispute to get the DCC charges refunded. When filing the dispute, you can use the Visa Exchange Rate Calculator or MasterCard's Currency Conversion Tool to determine the Visa or MasterCard exchange rate on the date the transaction posted to your credit card. Compare this to the DCC value to figure out the amount by which the merchant overcharged you. Don't forget to add in any Foreign Transaction Fee if your card has one. (If it does, you should really consider finding a card for use overseas without a FTF. )

Example Images (click for a larger image)

Hotel receipts in China, the Netherlands, and Dubai respectively:



Purchase receipts in China and Korea:




Cancelled translation in Hong Kong:



Novotel in Shenzen:

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Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) [2014-2016]

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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 1:16 am
  #1771  
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Originally Posted by BruceyBonus
And many places have minimum spends too. My local Indian takeaway is Ł10 minimum, plus a Ł1 fee. No good if I'm eating on my own. Local butcher has the same minimum spend, but with a 50p fee.

Then you get pubs who make up odd rules. One in Islington (near King's Cross station) would only take cards for purchases under Ł5 if they were contactless
Is that true for UK debit cards as well? I know in the US they're not supposed to have minimums for debit but some places do it anyway.
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 1:26 am
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Originally Posted by AA_EXP09
and many of the ones that do accept card there charge Ł.5/Ł1 for doing so (easily 10-20% of an order too), so the preferred payment method there is also cash.
That's what I meant by cash is still king - an exorbitant credit card fee is the same as not accepting cards, as far as I'm concerned. Worse, actually.

Originally Posted by BruceyBonus
And many places have minimum spends too. My local Indian takeaway is Ł10 minimum, plus a Ł1 fee. No good if I'm eating on my own. Local butcher has the same minimum spend, but with a 50p fee.

Then you get pubs who make up odd rules. One in Islington (near King's Cross station) would only take cards for purchases under Ł5 if they were contactless
It's sad that merchants see credit card fees as a way of raising profit. One place near my charges a US $1 fee on all card transactions. Their typical transaction is a couple of dollars. The fee is massively out of proportion to their cost of acceptance in all these cases. A 20p/25 cent fee? I'd almost feel for the merchant and say "well, they are covering a cost they perceive because they're too short-sighted to see the benefit" but 50 cents... 50p... $1... Ł1... $2 (yes I've seen it)... outrageous. I'll buy from cash-only businesses, but I try to avoid businesses profiting off of card fees.

The contactless only for under Ł5? That I'm okay with. They're saving money (contactless incentives... if they existed in the US it might be a different landscape...), and in general, as most British cards have contactless, they're only asking you to please tap instead of insert to save them money.

Originally Posted by JEFFJAGUAR
Do bear in mind that one of the lies clerks are instructed to tell people who notice that the dcc scam is being perpetrated on them is to tell them the amount listed in your currency is just an estimate for your convenience and that you are really being billed in whatever the local currency is. Of course when I come back and say then why am I being asked to sign a statement that I agree to the conversion rate and the decision is final, they quickly shut up.
I have seen this actually be true once. My final receipt, after choosing to pay in Euro on the PIN pad, at the Flying Pig Uptown Amsterdam last summer, had the DCC verbiage on it complete with the final decision statement. They assured me it was only for reference, and as I KNOW what I picked on the PIN pad I decided to leave it be. Sure enough, the transaction was charged correctly in Euro.
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 1:42 am
  #1773  
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Originally Posted by tmiw
Is that true for UK debit cards as well? I know in the US they're not supposed to have minimums for debit but some places do it anyway.
Yes. Generally all shops that charge will have a blanket policy regardless of the type of card. Some stores (e.g. Aldi and Lidl) previously only accepted debit cards, although they now take credit cards too.

Things are different on the internet or paying government departments (e.g. DVLA for paying vehicle excise duty) where there tend to be no surcharge for debit cards but 2% usually on credit cards.
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 7:14 am
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Originally Posted by Happy
Schwab did not show the $4 being charged though.
Schwab never shows ATM fees separately.

It's always combined into one transaction.

However Schwab is always able to detect how much fee there is in one combined transaction (not exact on the cent, but more or less). So no worries.
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 8:40 am
  #1775  
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Originally Posted by AllieKat
I have seen this actually be true once. My final receipt, after choosing to pay in Euro on the PIN pad, at the Flying Pig Uptown Amsterdam last summer, had the DCC verbiage on it complete with the final decision statement. They assured me it was only for reference, and as I KNOW what I picked on the PIN pad I decided to leave it be. Sure enough, the transaction was charged correctly in Euro.
I've seen the DCC verbiage before too after choosing in Taiwan:



The transactions always post correctly in Taiwan Dollars, but one should look out for the following:
  1. Making the currency selection yourself
  2. If the receipt is thermal, making sure it's denominated in local currency
  3. If the receipt is carbon copy with check boxes, asking for courtesy copy/reprint to show currency choice was respected

In the case of most receipts in Taiwan the receipt is thermal and will either say SALE without the DCC verbiage or SALE OPT_O with the DCC verbiage. Both should list the local currency amount. If the receipt only lists your card's currency amount or mentions FX rates, I'd approach the situation cautiously.
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 8:45 am
  #1776  
 
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Originally Posted by Majuki
I've seen the DCC verbiage before too after choosing in Taiwan:



The transactions always post correctly in Taiwan Dollars, but one should look out for the following:
  1. Making the currency selection yourself
  2. If the receipt is thermal, making sure it's denominated in local currency
  3. If the receipt is carbon copy with check boxes, asking for courtesy copy/reprint to show currency choice was respected

In the case of most receipts in Taiwan the receipt is thermal and will either say SALE without the DCC verbiage or SALE OPT_O with the DCC verbiage. Both should list the local currency amount. If the receipt only lists your card's currency amount or mentions FX rates, I'd approach the situation cautiously.
THAT is what's unique about this one, it was a thermal receipt, AFTER currency selection with the DCC amount as the total. Sure enough, it truly was informational only...
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 8:50 am
  #1777  
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Originally Posted by AllieKat
THAT is what's unique about this one, it was a thermal receipt, AFTER currency selection with the DCC amount as the total. Sure enough, it truly was informational only...
Even though the customer makes the currency selection, I still wouldn't have trusted the receipt the transaction only showed my card's currency with the DCC verbiage. There would be little recourse in the case where DCC was actually imposed.
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 8:54 am
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Originally Posted by Majuki
Even though the customer makes the currency selection, I still wouldn't have trusted the receipt the transaction only showed my card's currency with the DCC verbiage. There would be little recourse in the case where DCC was actually imposed.
To clarify, the slip I signed was in EUR and only EUR. The slip that printed as MY copy was in USD.
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 10:08 am
  #1779  
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Originally Posted by zyxlsy
Schwab never shows ATM fees separately.

It's always combined into one transaction.

However Schwab is always able to detect how much fee there is in one combined transaction (not exact on the cent, but more or less). So no worries.
That is not true in my experiences in the past. I did see separate ATM fee listed a couple years ago. I did not see separate ATM fee listed last year for withdrawal made in ICN, however as you said, Schwab was able to ferret it out and reimburse it at end of month.

However on this particular Turkey withdrawal, the converted USD does not seem to include the $4 ATM fee because the exchange rate used is as close to the historical rate as within 0.02% at USD 1 = 2.6 TY. $4 on a 100 TY withdrawal would amount to 10% increase in exchange rate calculation, but it is not the rate used. Hence I believe the $4 is not included in the $ amount shown withdrew.

Last edited by Happy; Mar 23, 2015 at 10:18 am
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 10:13 am
  #1780  
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Originally Posted by Majuki
If you could provide the transaction and posting dates of your two ATM withdrawals, we could see what rate was applied and compared to Visa's exchange rate calculator.
Here are what shown on Schwab site, each was for 100 TY.

03/11/2015 ATM BODRUM CARSI SUBE 2 MUGLA $38.49

03/06/2015 ATM TURKIYE IS BANK ISBANK/ ADANA $39.06

On XC site the historical rate for 3/06 was much lower than the Visa rate which was exactly 3% higher than XC shown.

I definitely think the 3/11 withdrawal does not include the $4 ATM fee.

One withdrawal of 1000 South Africa Rand in Feb.

02/19/2015 ATM ABSA O.R TAMBO *O.R TAM KEMPTON PARK $86.37
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 3:21 pm
  #1781  
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Originally Posted by Happy
Here are what shown on Schwab site, each was for 100 TY.

03/11/2015 ATM BODRUM CARSI SUBE 2 MUGLA $38.49

03/06/2015 ATM TURKIYE IS BANK ISBANK/ ADANA $39.06

On XC site the historical rate for 3/06 was much lower than the Visa rate which was exactly 3% higher than XC shown.

I definitely think the 3/11 withdrawal does not include the $4 ATM fee.

One withdrawal of 1000 South Africa Rand in Feb.

02/19/2015 ATM ABSA O.R TAMBO *O.R TAM KEMPTON PARK $86.37
These three amounts all match Visa's rate exactly for the dates listed. I can't explain why the XC rate was 3% lower than Visa's. Usually the two rates are within 0.5% of each other.
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 8:37 pm
  #1782  
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Last December when I checked out of the Marriott hotel in Jaipur India, I got these boxes. I checked the one with INR. But on my statement I saw they deceptively did a DCC and gave me a poor conversion rate.

Originally Posted by AllieKat
THAT is what's unique about this one, it was a thermal receipt, AFTER currency selection with the DCC amount as the total. Sure enough, it truly was informational only...
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 9:08 pm
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Originally Posted by upnorth
Last December when I checked out of the Marriott hotel in Jaipur India, I got these boxes. I checked the one with INR. But on my statement I saw they deceptively did a DCC and gave me a poor conversion rate.
That's very common, unfortunately.
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Old Mar 23, 2015 | 11:13 pm
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Originally Posted by Happy
That is not true in my experiences in the past. I did see separate ATM fee listed a couple years ago. I did not see separate ATM fee listed last year for withdrawal made in ICN, however as you said, Schwab was able to ferret it out and reimburse it at end of month.

However on this particular Turkey withdrawal, the converted USD does not seem to include the $4 ATM fee because the exchange rate used is as close to the historical rate as within 0.02% at USD 1 = 2.6 TY. $4 on a 100 TY withdrawal would amount to 10% increase in exchange rate calculation, but it is not the rate used. Hence I believe the $4 is not included in the $ amount shown withdrew.
I have been using Schwab for only a year so I admit I can't say for years back. But I believe included or not is determined by the specific ATMs. It's them who decide whether the fees are included in the transaction or run as separate ones.

All my withdraws last year in Australia, New Zealand, Korea, USA, Vietnam, and China include the fees in the transactions themselves.

If you don't see the ATM fee listed separately, it's quite weird since I don't think the ATM would give up the fee itself... Sometimes postings on Debit Cards can be delayed for days (my Australia Tax Refund took a week to post).
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Old Mar 24, 2015 | 8:05 am
  #1785  
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Originally Posted by zyxlsy
I have been using Schwab for only a year so I admit I can't say for years back. But I believe included or not is determined by the specific ATMs. It's them who decide whether the fees are included in the transaction or run as separate ones.

All my withdraws last year in Australia, New Zealand, Korea, USA, Vietnam, and China include the fees in the transactions themselves.

If you don't see the ATM fee listed separately, it's quite weird since I don't think the ATM would give up the fee itself... Sometimes postings on Debit Cards can be delayed for days (my Australia Tax Refund took a week to post).
I agree whether the fee is separately billed depends on ATM as I have seen the separately billed ATM fees before - both on Schwab's and on Fido's.

Last year on the receipts from ATM at ICN and BKK, the ATM fees were shown in details but of course the withdrawals were net amounts. All fees were reimburded.

On this particular withdrawal in Turkey the ATM receipt only showed the amount withdrew, 100 TY, nothing else. It has been almost 2 weeks from the withdrawal, no additional item shows up at Schwab's site. It does seem weird because the machine clearly display $4 ATM fee and asked if I wanted to accept it to continue.
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