Go Back  FlyerTalk Forums > Miles&Points > Credit, Debit and Prepaid Card Programs > Credit Card Programs
Reload this Page >

Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) [2014-2016]

Community
Wiki Posts
Search
Old Jan 18, 2014, 10:10 pm
FlyerTalk Forums Expert How-Tos and Guides
Last edit by: emilio911
What is it?

Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) is a "service" some merchants and ATM operators offer that will charge a cardholder in the native currency of the card rather than the local currency. A more complete definition and examples are available via this Wikipedia article on DCC. While sold as a convenience to cardholders traveling outside of their home country, it is a pure profit play by the merchants. You may end up paying a fee of up to 8% over the purchase price for accepting DCC. Always decline DCC and asked to be billed in the local currency!



Where will I see it?

You can be hit with DCC anywhere there is a difference between your debit or credit card's denominated currency and the currency of the location where you're trying to use the card. The most common example will be at a merchant overseas, but now some ATMs are offering the service too. While many US cardholders complain about getting tricked into accepting DCC overseas, some merchants in the US have started to use DCC as well.

What is the issue?

Unless you're the merchant or ATM operator, there isn't much benefit to using DCC. Some customers say they prefer knowing exactly how much they'll be charged in their home currency or may not know the exchange rate of the place where they are visiting. For example, if you are in Prague for two days and you don't know how much the Czech Koruna is worth relative to the US Dollar, you might feel more comfortable knowing that you're buying an item for $205.00 versus 4000 CZK. However, the real exchange rate as of January 18, 2014 would place 4000 CZK at $197.18. You just paid an extra $7.82 for the "convenience" of knowing how much you'd be charged!

DCC often charges about a 4% premium over the true exchange rate. The problems don't stop there since many US banks still charge a 3% foreign transaction fee (FTF) for purchases made outside of the US. Not only would you get hit with the $205.00 charge, you could also find yourself facing a total charge of $211.15 if your card has a 3% FTF.

This is a pure money grab from the merchants, and it's billed as an easy way to squeeze additional revenue out of the transaction. Numerous [1, 2] articles have talked about DCC duping many consumers. Discover even has a warning about being tricked into DCC when using a card abroad.

For example, this FlyerTalk member reported that Avis charged his Saudi credit card in Saudi riyals instead of USD for a car rental in Florida without his consent. This has also been a trend for hotels, particularly large chains as indicated here and here.

DCC is simply not worth it for the consumer. Unless you like paying a convenience fee of up to 5% of the total transaction just to know how much you will be billed, you should always decline DCC and ask to be billed in local currency when handing over your card.

Furthermore, it is in your interest to obtain a card that has a 0% FTF. FlyerTalk member kebosabi maintains a fairly comprehensive spreadsheet of EMV-enabled cards ideal for overseas travel, many of which offer a low or 0% FTF as a feature. There is also a wiki at FlyerGuide of various FTF of debit and credit cards.

What can I do to avoid DCC?

American Express currently does not support DCC on its network, so you are safe from DCC if using an American Express card. However, Visa and MasterCard card networks can support DCC, so be vigilant when purchasing abroad with a Visa or MasterCard branded card. There have been reports of being charged DCC with a Discover card in China [citation needed], but primarily the issue is happening with Visa and MasterCard cards.

Before handing your card to the merchant, always specify clearly that you want to be charged in the local currency and that you do not want DCC. For some transactions, you retain control of your card as you dip it into a chip reader and can view on a screen to select which currency you want to use for the transaction. Always select the local currencyto get the best exchange rate. Do not select the card's native currency!

Similarly, for ATM withdrawals, make sure you decline any kind of conversions. Some good examples of what to look for when using an ATM overseas are here and here. You're probably coming off of a long flight and fatigued, but educating yourself beforehand can save you from getting ripped off. The user interfaces on almost all of these ATMs are set up to encourage you to take the bait, and you have to be extremely vigilant not to fall for it.

If you are doing a PIN-based transaction, you should have the opportunity to review the total amount and denomination of the transaction before entering your PIN. If you are doing a signature transaction and the merchant has processed your transaction with DCC, cross out the amount and write "DCC refused" on the receipt. Do not sign the receipt, and demand that the merchant reverse the transaction and run it in the local currency. If no verification is required due to a small purchase amount, ask the merchant to reverse the charge and repeat the transaction using local currency. If all else fails, file a dispute with your card issuer when you return home. Even if it's immaterial, the banks will get the message like they did with EMV.

Some merchants will claim that their systems have to bill you in your native currency. This is a complete lie. But just like a mag stripe only card, this is battle where you have to be prepared. Don't settle for merchants claiming that "it has to be done this way" or "pay cash if you don't want this". Be prepared to walk away, and, if you must complete the transaction, write "DCC refused & merchant didn't give a choice" on the receipt and cross out the amount. Let the merchant know that you will be filing a dispute with your bank.

Disabling DCC

Disabling DCC on ANZ terminals in Australia

ANZ markets DCC as Customer Preferred Currency (CPC). Terminal operators can contact ANZ Merchant Services at 1800 039 025 to have this feature disabled. Currently, your Visa or MasterCard will be subjected to DCC if denominated in: CAD, CHF, DKK, EUR, GBP, HKD, JPY, MYR, NOK, NZD, SEK, SGD, THB, USD, or ZAR. All DCC transactions on ANZ will cause a 2.5% markup. Steps to avoid DCC:
  1. Insert, swipe, or tap your payment card
  2. Have the cashier select credit (CR)
  3. The terminal will display CREDIT ACCOUNT
  4. If applicable, enter your PIN
  5. The terminal will display PROCESSING \ PLEASE WAIT
  6. The terminal will display EXCH <exchange rate> \ <currency> <amount> \ ACCEPT RATE? \ ENTER=YES CLR=NO
  7. Instruct the cashier to press the yellow CLEAR (CLR) button (If entering a PIN, you can retain the terminal to perform this step yourself. If entering a signature, you can ask for the terminal to control this process, not indicating that it's a chip-and-signature card.)
  8. The transaction should now process without DCC

If you see a signature slip with DCC verbiage and a checkbox indicating a currency selection, kindly ask the merchant to void the transaction. If it's a PIN-based transaction, you have an additional opportunity to cancel the transaction because it will ask for your PIN a second time. For instance, if you see "EUR 17.29 KEY PIN" refuse to enter your PIN and start again.

Disabling DCC in China

There are many reports of forced DCC in China, and there is a great thread [closed to new posts] on DCC in China on the the China Destinations forum.

Disabling DCC on Bankcomm terminals in Beijing http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...p?id=12272&p=2 #19

jair101's DCC instructions of March 2011 http://www.etveg.com/misc/DCC_China.pdf

Disabling DCC in Eurozone and UK

DCC offered in tourist traps (Harrods Knightsbridge/Galleries Lafayette Montparnesse/El Cortes Ingles Grand Via Madrid)

Unlike the rest of the world, Visa Europe does not require merchants to collect a ticked box on the slip (presumably because merchants there don't keep signed slips under Chip-and-PIN)
El Cortes Ingles collects a signature electronically and the DCC selection is made on the signature pad - the choice is respected.
Harrods and GL rely on cashier input in the POS for the currency choice - the cashier may forget to ask. The POS do not offer voiding (only refunds), but since you're given a slip to sign the best thing to do is to deface it before signing and submit chargeback request to issuer bank on return home.

There may be smaller merchants who also collect DCC but I seemed to have pre-empted most of them by saying "charge Euros (Pounds) please"

In Spain all merchants by law are required to provide you with a complaint form called an hoja de reclamaciones if requested. The form has two carbon copies. The customer retains one copy as a record of the complaint. The merchant maintains another copy, and the third is sent to the local consumer protection bureau. Merchants are also required to post a sign conspicuously informing the customer of the right to complain (usually in Spanish and English). Do not accept the lie that they don't have any forms. This is illegal, and you are able to call the police if the merchant refuses to provide you with this official form. It's interesting to see merchants start to squirm when you know the rules, and most merchants will start to be accommodating after you mention it. (Please still fill out the form even if the merchant cooperates after mentioning it because these are likely the merchants who won't otherwise change their behavior.)

Disabling DCC in Hong Kong and Macau

Hong Kong and Macau can get as non-compliant as China, possibly because many acquirers have cross-border operations and know they can get away with non-compliant firmware and procedures.

In practice, if you are given a DCC slip, and the cashier has not taken a choice before giving you your copy, the slip will be processed in your home currency - be prepared to dispute.

Unable to disable Global Payments DCC in Hong Kong instance #1, instance #2

Unable to disable DBS DCC in Fortress Electronics HK

Unable to disable BoC DCC in Free Duty HK

Disabling DCC in Japan and Korea

Japan's just starting out http://www.flyertalk.com/forum/japan...ing-japan.html and http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...p?id=3939&p=17 #168 but there are no reports I know of where cardholders are compelled to use DCC against their will.

Korea is also not much affected by DCC but where offered, trying to opt out is harder than Japan due to the language barrier (both verbal and written)
http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...hp?id=4303&p=3 #23
http://www.hongkongcard.com/forum/fo...p?id=12272&p=2 #11

Disabling DCC in the Maldives

Disabling DCC on Global Payment terminals in the Maldives

Disabling DCC in Thailand and Taiwan

DCC present but generally not an issue. Cashier will generate quote slip is usually generated and pass to cardholder. When cardholder refuses, a verbage-free slip denominated in THB/TWD will be produced.

Certain Taiwan hotels may take deposits in cardholder currency. But these are only pre-authorisations and can be voided in full for TWD-only final checkout payments.

Disabling DCC on Websites

Airbnb - (Since the "loophole" seem not to work anymore, please report if you chargeback the DCC. )
Hotwire - You need to select your preferred currency before making a search.
PayPal - The instructions to stop the DCC on a recurring charge are here.

I got duped by DCC already before I found this thread. Is there anything I can do?

If you've been hit with DCC and the merchant did not follow the Visa/MC rules, you should file a dispute with your card issuer. Even if the transaction is a small amount, it's worth it to dispute the charge on principle. Do not let merchants get away with this scam uncontested!

If you were not clearly given a choice of currencies and did not specifically communicate a preference to be billed in your card's native currency - if you did not accept DCC - then you have recourse when filing a dispute with your card issuer. The Visa Product and Service Rules clearly state (p 339):
  • Merchants that offer DCC must be compliant with the regulations
  • Inform the cardholder that DCC is optional
  • Not impose any additional requirements to use local currency
  • Not use any language or procedures that may cause the cardholder to choose DCC by default
  • Not convert a transaction in the local currency to the card's billing currency after the transaction has completed
  • Ensure that the cardholder expressly agrees to DCC

You can even use terminology from Visa Product and Service Rules when filing the dispute, giving Reason Code 76: Incorrect Currency or Transaction Code. Reason Code 76 is used when the transaction was processed with an incorrect transaction code, or an incorrect currency code, or one of the following:
  • Merchant did not deposit a transaction receipt in the country where the transaction occurred
  • Cardholder was not advised that Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) would occur
  • Cardholder was refused the choice of paying in the merchant’s local currency
  • Merchant processed a credit refund and did not process a reversal or adjustment within 30 calendar days for a transaction receipt processed in error

MasterCard's rules also clearly state that the POI Currency Conversion must be decided by both the merchant and customer. When filing a dispute with a MasterCard, list chargeback Reason Code 4846 from the MasterCard Chargeback Guide, which covers POI currency conversion disputes in the following circumstances:
  • The cardholder states that he or she was not given the opportunity to choose the desired currency in which the transactions was completed or did not agree to the currency of the transaction, or
  • POI currency conversion took place into a currency that is not the cardholder's billing currency, or
  • POI currency conversion took place when the goods or services were priced in the cardholder's billing currency, or
  • POI currency conversion took place when cash was disbursed in the cardholdeer's billing currency.

You do have a choice of currencies. Exercise that choice!

Do not get taken by surprise when faced with DCC, and know your options. As Visa/MC purport, you do have a choice of currencies, but you need to make that choice heard! Don't be complacent in this sneaky tactic by some merchants to pad revenues.

Before going to a different country, get educated. Understand the exchange rate relative to your native currency. Know how to recognize when the merchant is trying to force DCC on the transaction, and pull out all of the stops to make sure it doesn't happen to you.

If you have a chip-and-PIN credit card, it's easier to control the transaction to try to prevent DCC. With chip-and-signature, if you get an uncooperative merchant, deface the merchant's copy of the receipt. Write LOCAL OPTION NOT OFFERED, cross out the DCC currency amount, and sign the receipt.

This will give additional evidence when filing a dispute to get the DCC charges refunded. When filing the dispute, you can use the Visa Exchange Rate Calculator or MasterCard's Currency Conversion Tool to determine the Visa or MasterCard exchange rate on the date the transaction posted to your credit card. Compare this to the DCC value to figure out the amount by which the merchant overcharged you. Don't forget to add in any Foreign Transaction Fee if your card has one. (If it does, you should really consider finding a card for use overseas without a FTF. )

Example Images (click for a larger image)

Hotel receipts in China, the Netherlands, and Dubai respectively:



Purchase receipts in China and Korea:




Cancelled translation in Hong Kong:



Novotel in Shenzen:

Print Wikipost

Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC) [2014-2016]

Thread Tools
 
Search this Thread
 
Old May 23, 2015, 7:25 am
  #1906  
 
Join Date: Dec 2007
Location: MSP
Programs: Delta 1 MM, Platinum. Marriott-Hilton Gold
Posts: 312
The only country where DCC was a better deal was in Kazakastan. In China DCC has reduced. In India DCC has become very bad now. In Turkey I did not face a problem. In known problem places I use Amex. From next month my employer is making it mandatory to use their credit card so I will care two hoots for DCC. But their card is Visa and that will be a limitation in China.
upnorth is offline  
Old May 23, 2015, 9:53 am
  #1907  
Original Poster
 
Join Date: Jul 2009
Location: SJC
Programs: AA, AS, Marriott
Posts: 6,061
Originally Posted by upnorth
The only country where DCC was a better deal was in Kazakastan. In China DCC has reduced. In India DCC has become very bad now. In Turkey I did not face a problem. In known problem places I use Amex. From next month my employer is making it mandatory to use their credit card so I will care two hoots for DCC. But their card is Visa and that will be a limitation in China.
How is DCC a better deal if you have a 0% card unless the spread was far below the Visa/MC rate? Would you say India is worse than China now in terms of how common DCC is or inability to offer a 'choice' of currencies?

I wouldn't be as inclined to fight DCC if required to use a Visa in known forced DCC situations - think Greyhound Cafe in HK - but if the opt-out isn't hard I would still choose local currency to avoid actively participating in perpetuating the DCC scam. I've only had one employer that required use of a corporate card. Since that was an AmEx, DCC wasn't an issue.
Majuki is offline  
Old May 23, 2015, 7:09 pm
  #1908  
Ambassador, Hong Kong and Macau
 
Join Date: May 2009
Location: HKG
Programs: Non-top tier Asia Miles member
Posts: 19,801
Originally Posted by Majuki
I've only had one employer that required use of a corporate card. Since that was an AmEx, DCC wasn't an issue.
Put it this way - will any employer penalise an employee on business travel for accepting DCC? Can't imagine any...
percysmith is offline  
Old May 23, 2015, 7:20 pm
  #1909  
FlyerTalk Evangelist
 
Join Date: Jan 2014
Location: San Diego, CA
Programs: GE, Marriott Platinum
Posts: 15,507
Originally Posted by percysmith
Put it this way - will any employer penalise an employee on business travel for accepting DCC? Can't imagine any...
It may matter on the margins if your employer has maximum daily limits for stuff like meals.
tmiw is offline  
Old May 23, 2015, 8:25 pm
  #1910  
Original Poster
 
Join Date: Jul 2009
Location: SJC
Programs: AA, AS, Marriott
Posts: 6,061
Originally Posted by percysmith
Put it this way - will any employer penalise an employee on business travel for accepting DCC? Can't imagine any...
No, and this is a stated 'benefit' of DCC, reconciling expense reports in one's own currency. However, if the DCC opt-out is easy, I'd prefer to be billed in local currency simply because I don't want to be willingly complicit in furthering the scam.
Majuki is offline  
Old May 23, 2015, 9:56 pm
  #1911  
Ambassador, Hong Kong and Macau
 
Join Date: May 2009
Location: HKG
Programs: Non-top tier Asia Miles member
Posts: 19,801
Originally Posted by Majuki
No, and this is a stated 'benefit' of DCC, reconciling expense reports in one's own currency. However, if the DCC opt-out is easy, I'd prefer to be billed in local currency simply because I don't want to be willingly complicit in furthering the scam.
Just an agency problem then in this case - if it's a business expense where we are points-neutral we won't fight it. If it's our own money the merchant better be prepared for a lot of arm waving for DCCing any of us.
percysmith is offline  
Old Jun 12, 2015, 9:13 pm
  #1912  
Ambassador, Hong Kong and Macau
 
Join Date: May 2009
Location: HKG
Programs: Non-top tier Asia Miles member
Posts: 19,801
Originally Posted by cxua
From Starbucks site:

Can I use my Starbucks Card when I travel internationally?

Starbucks Cards activated in any of the participating countries can be used to make purchases and be reloaded in any other participating country. Starbucks Cards must first be activated by loading money onto the card in the country of purchase before being used internationally. The participating countries are; UK, USA, Canada, Australia, Hong Kong, Mexico, and the Republic of Ireland.
Whoops, I thought Japan was a participating country, and egged my barista to accept or at least try my recently-reissued Starbucks HK card, and she kept shaking her head. And the POS kept beeping.

Last edited by percysmith; Jun 17, 2015 at 8:04 pm
percysmith is offline  
Old Jun 17, 2015, 7:36 pm
  #1913  
 
Join Date: Dec 2011
Location: NJ
Programs: UA Gold, Hilton Gold, Marriott Plat,
Posts: 284
Just experienced DCC in Mexico, from American Airlines

Had some issues with incompetent agents at SLP (wanted to use 500 mi certs for a companion, they said not possible and made us pay. Would not even downgrade to coach to issue boarding pass, but I digress).

Anyway, they charged 1020 MXN for two 500 mi certs. I gave them my card, and a few minutes later got back a receipt with DCC. Told them that I wanted to pay in Pesos, and was upset they never asked me if I wanted to pay USD. Said that I would not sign unless they fixed the issue, and they claimed it was not possible. Needless to say I had to sign to get my companion's boarding pass, but I did not tick the box. Also have picture of receipt.

Of all places, would not have expected in Mexico let alone from an AA Agent!
Blootch is offline  
Old Jun 17, 2015, 7:44 pm
  #1914  
Original Poster
 
Join Date: Jul 2009
Location: SJC
Programs: AA, AS, Marriott
Posts: 6,061
Originally Posted by Blootch
Anyway, they charged 1020 MXN for two 500 mi certs. I gave them my card, and a few minutes later got back a receipt with DCC. Told them that I wanted to pay in Pesos, and was upset they never asked me if I wanted to pay USD. Said that I would not sign unless they fixed the issue, and they claimed it was not possible. Needless to say I had to sign to get my companion's boarding pass, but I did not tick the box. Also have picture of receipt.

Of all places, would not have expected in Mexico let alone from an AA Agent!
Did it mention the DCC surcharge? Was it a standard receipt issued on an AA cardstock ticket or a credit card style receipt with the DCC verbiage? I know in certain cases - the arrivals lounge at LHR comes to mind - AA charges in US but it's not DCC. I'm wondering if the same thing happened here?
Majuki is offline  
Old Jun 18, 2015, 12:26 am
  #1915  
 
Join Date: Dec 2007
Location: MSP
Programs: Delta 1 MM, Platinum. Marriott-Hilton Gold
Posts: 312
I just got a corporate visa travel card. I am done dealing with DCC. I lose out on my 3% Sams cash back, but I am not going to sweat out on DCC. If US corporations want to do something let them figure it out. I think as the scam grows in size there will be big penalties from FTC or class action suits. I expect Europeans to strike first because their citizens are ripped off when they come to the US through DCC.


Originally Posted by Majuki
How is DCC a better deal if you have a 0% card unless the spread was far below the Visa/MC rate? Would you say India is worse than China now in terms of how common DCC is or inability to offer a 'choice' of currencies?

I wouldn't be as inclined to fight DCC if required to use a Visa in known forced DCC situations - think Greyhound Cafe in HK - but if the opt-out isn't hard I would still choose local currency to avoid actively participating in perpetuating the DCC scam. I've only had one employer that required use of a corporate card. Since that was an AmEx, DCC wasn't an issue.
upnorth is offline  
Old Jun 18, 2015, 1:32 am
  #1916  
 
Join Date: May 2009
Location: SIN (with a bit of ZRH sprinkled in)
Posts: 9,455
A first one for me:

I thought Indonesia was DCC-free by law, but on my recent trip there, I got asked at the hotel if I want to pay by Rupiah or my own currency - I chose Rupiah, and it was all fine, so I don't have a problem with that kind of DCC, but it's a new one for me that Indonesian terminals are now having DCC enabled..

(Also, their ATMs sucked and wouldn't work with my Fee-free Visa.. luckily had enough cash to exchange with me..)
YuropFlyer is offline  
Old Jun 18, 2015, 7:44 am
  #1917  
 
Join Date: Sep 2007
Posts: 415
Originally Posted by Blootch
Of all places, would not have expected in Mexico let alone from an AA Agent!
I've mentioned my experiences a few times up-thread. I've been travelling down to Mexico City for work frequently over the last couple of years, and have noticed a large increase in the instances of DCC all over the place.

I have come to learn that if the POS terminals are new and from Santander or BBVA, you are likely to be faced with DCC.
Vasco is offline  
Old Jun 18, 2015, 8:38 am
  #1918  
Original Poster
 
Join Date: Jul 2009
Location: SJC
Programs: AA, AS, Marriott
Posts: 6,061
Originally Posted by upnorth
I just got a corporate visa travel card. I am done dealing with DCC. I lose out on my 3% Sams cash back, but I am not going to sweat out on DCC. If US corporations want to do something let them figure it out. I think as the scam grows in size there will be big penalties from FTC or class action suits. I expect Europeans to strike first because their citizens are ripped off when they come to the US through DCC.
Understandable. I think companies were one of the primary reasons some places in China such as large hotels finally offered a DCC opt-out. However, I would still check the box for local currency whenever possible only for the reason that DCC scammers can't use the statistic, "Look! Our customers prefer this!" However, with no financial stake in the game, I certainly wouldn't spend the effort fighting forced DCC or doing chargebacks.

I'm not sure I agree with your assessment that Europeans are ripped off when they come to the US through DCC. My sister-in-law did many purchases at all sorts of tourist places and department stores and only faced DCC twice. Both times the DCC offer displayed on the signature pad, and the cashier offered no input over the process. The first time I was fumbling to get my phone out to take a picture for about 15-20 seconds, so the screen remained the same. Furthermore, we didn't see DCC at Macy's, Bloomingdale's, or Nordstrom. I'm not saying that the US is completely free of DCC because we saw some examples, but both times DCC was easily avoidable by those in the know. It's usually not like some other places where they just had the receipt DCC receipt, even if you tell them. I think the one case where someone couldn't avoid it was with an Avis car rental.
Majuki is offline  
Old Jun 18, 2015, 4:51 pm
  #1919  
 
Join Date: Dec 2011
Location: NJ
Programs: UA Gold, Hilton Gold, Marriott Plat,
Posts: 284
Originally Posted by Majuki
Did it mention the DCC surcharge? Was it a standard receipt issued on an AA cardstock ticket or a credit card style receipt with the DCC verbiage? I know in certain cases - the arrivals lounge at LHR comes to mind - AA charges in US but it's not DCC. I'm wondering if the same thing happened here?
They gave me two receipts:

- I have an AA cardstock receipt with the charge in Pesos (no mention of DCC)
- Also have a standard receipt with typical DCC verbaige and the tick box stating "I agree...." along with the exchange rate and statement of 3% markup on the rate

The POS system was through Santander Bank just as FYI to other travelers. I travel to Mexico several times per year to visit family - have never seen this before and I use my cards a lot.
Blootch is offline  
Old Jun 18, 2015, 4:53 pm
  #1920  
 
Join Date: Dec 2011
Location: NJ
Programs: UA Gold, Hilton Gold, Marriott Plat,
Posts: 284
Originally Posted by Vasco
I have come to learn that if the POS terminals are new and from Santander or BBVA, you are likely to be faced with DCC.
Thanks, good to know. Perhaps it is just starting to spread to smaller cities...
Blootch is offline  


Contact Us - Manage Preferences - Archive - Advertising - Cookie Policy - Privacy Statement - Terms of Service -

This site is owned, operated, and maintained by MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. Copyright © 2024 MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. All rights reserved. Designated trademarks are the property of their respective owners.