Usually within 3 days (the card gets approved and enters production at the same time but is mailed from a separate facility). Supporting docs usually returned within a week.

Applied July 2 via online renewal for my mom, received it today july 11. Dad is still waiting.

Crazy fast turnaround. Dont even have plans to travel haha.

Edit: Dads received next day day 7/12

So, as an update, things worked out, but it was an exercise in brinksmanship.
May 29 - mailed passport for renewal, regular service
June 21 - got letter (by email) that my check is missing a signature, and request to send a new check.
June 22 - Sent new check on June 21, overnight, delivered on June 22
July 3 - Call to the customer service, was asked to pay for expedited service (and told I am not eligible for an appointment)
Several calls in-between, received somewhat contradictory information (eligible for appointment, not eligible, wait etc)
July 8 - Call, set up appointment at the local agency for July 15 (actually, use the appointment I set up online earlier, otherwise
would have no availability until a week later. Unclear how that would work, since the customer service agent
on the phone instructed me to "bring your old passport to the appointment" :/ )
July 10 - Notified by email that passport is issued and mailed
July 12 - New passport received (together with the old one in the same envelope)

I am guessing if not for my original screw-up, I would have the new passport issued on June 21st and without any extra fees.

BTW, the new "52 page" passport actually has 1 fewer visa pages than the old one. Usable pages now are 9-50, used to be 9-51. Curious that it's still called a "52 page".

Color me impressed.

July 2: Submitted online renewal for book and card
July 3: Card charged
July 5: Notified that was renewal application was being processed
July 10/12: Shipping notification for book and card respectively.
July 13: Passport book arrived.
July 18: Passport card arrived

Overall I'm impressed. Barely two weeks start to finish which includes a federal holiday too.
I was hoping that my renewal wouldn't take forever since I want to submit my GE renewal as soon as possible in case I need to interview yet again. (If I have to I'd like to do it while visiting friends later this fall as there's no enrollment centers near here)

Wow... I am impressed
7/19 (Friday) - online regular renewal (photo uploaded from my phone, first one rejected (background was not "offwhite") second photo (with flash) accepted (same background))
7/22 (Monday) - notified payment processed and processing begins
7/25 (Thursday) - notified passport was printing, Notified shipped, tracking number rcvd (priority mail which I guess is regular shippoing)
7/26 - USPS says it will arrive 7/27
7/27 - USPS says out for delivery

So 8 days for normal processing and regular shipping

I am out of town with a hold mail (did not expect 8 days!) so neighbor is watching in case it somehow slips through the hold mail.

note: online renewal opens at 1pm eastern time and has a daily limit. i think started mine around 4pm so not difficult to get your application in...

This is one area of the US government that (nearly) unfailingly works well. As a nationalized citizen by marriage, I often expect more problems, but have been pleasantly surprised.
My renewal:
Tuesday, week 1: mailed in form, used expedited servie
Fraiday, week 1: notified that it was received and being processed
Monday, week 2: notified that passport approved and was sent to printing (also the ID / Password)
Thursday, week 2: received passport
Tuesday, week 3: received ID / Passcard
Wednesday, week 3: received old, cancelled passport
When I compare this to my other nationality (Belgium) it is much simpler, as can be done through the post, and leagues ahead of where our official residency is (Italy), where "normal" citizens wait 8+ months for passport renewals..

July 28th (Sunday) - Sent old passport and application via Certified First Class Mail.

Will update as things happen.

Renewed online Aug 15, passport in hand Aug 26 via express mail. Very impressed.
Printed Hot Springs AK

Renewal, non-expedited:
- Mailed Friday, August 16
- Received @ passport office Wednesday August 21
- Received new passport Friday, September 13th

So exactly 4 weeks from mailing to receiving new one.

The online passport status check site still shows as 'In Process' however. Haven't received old passport yet.

Based on the lack of comments here and on mainstream media outlets, it would appear State has finally figured things out... good on them!

Just did our kids' passport last week. Did expedited; not overnight/second-day mail.

October 16: Applied in person (local court)
October 22: Application received:
October 23: Check cashed
Locator number: 45 (National/Portsmouth)

Status changes:
October 23: "In Process"(with an estimated time frame of 2-3 weeks)
October 25: "Approved; will be printed"
October 25: "Shipped" (pre-shipment) from TUCSON.

October 31: Delivered via Priority Mail (it missed the Friday night cutoff otherwise would have been here 2+ days ago).
November 1: Old passport delivered via first class.

this system is super efficient.

10 days from receipt to printing for a name change application to re-issue with new name. Things seem to be humming along at the passport office now.

Expedited Renewal
11/4 - Passport application received in Philly
11/9 - Passport delivered by priority mail
definitely can't complain

Anyone renew and request the thicker book? Wondering if that takes longer
Used up all my pages in 5yrs going to europe.

Takes the same amount of time, in fact since doing away with page add ons, their stock of bigger passports has increased. I wonder how much extra money they have made out of this, I used to blow through each addition every 18 months on average, but add on pages cost nothing. The only thing saving me from having to renew every year or two are the move away by certain countries from stamping passports (UK, HK, the US itself for US citizens) Certain countries doing away with full page visas, and doing so in an E format, certain countries moving toward longer term visas (So 1 ten year China visa rather than 10+ over a ten year period, 10 year India visas etc), and second passports moving to 4 from 2 year durations. That being said even with bigger passports, I am still spending far more per decade than I was before.