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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:33 am

Three Days In Libya
 
My trip to Libya, marvelling at the underground catacombs at Janzur, sipping espresso in the Tripoli Medina, exploring the ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna and enjoying some tasty barbecued Red Snapper caught fresh from the Mediterranean.

My previous trip report's can be found below:

A Trip to Afghanistan
A Journey Through Kyrgyzstan
A Trip Around The Arabian Gulf
A Trip To Yemen
A Trip To Jordan & Israel
A Southern African Adventure
Road Trip to Saudi Arabia & Qatar
Five Days In Japan
Underground In New Zealand
A Trip To Iran
A Trip Around The Mediterranean
A Long Weekend In Paris
A Trip To Ukraine, Belarus & Russia
A Trip To Kenya & Tanzania
Beautiful Thailand
To Muscat For A Travel Magazine
Everest in Full Picture
A Trip To Bali & Dili
A Trip To Northern Iraq
Winter Trip To Europe
Christmas In Mogadishu
A Trip To Sudan
A Trip To DR Congo & Rwanda
Twelve Days Across Africa
A Trip To Lebanon
A Long Weekend In Prague
A Trip To Laos, Vietnam & Hong Kong
Off Road In Kazakhstan
A Trip To Turkmenistan
Six Days In Sri Lanka
A Trip To Copenhagen & Stockholm
Sixteen Days In West Africa
A Trip To Maldives
A Trip To Armenia & Nagorno-Karabakh
To The Frontlines Against ISIS
A Weekend In Baku
Return To New Zealand Via South-East Asia
Three Days In Georgia
A Trip To Bulgaria
A Trip To Iceland & Greenland
Back To Southern Africa
A Trip To Canada
A Trip To Eritrea
A Trip To Romania
A Trip To Djibouti
A Trip To Bangladesh
Three Days In Mexico City
A Trip To Havana
New York, New York
Relaxing In Seychelles
Four Days In Namibia
Frankfurt To Bruges
Nine Days In Brazil
Sarajevo To Dubrovnik

DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:34 am


Day 0.

Outside Terminal 1 at Dubai International Airport at 11:30pm, ready to begin my trip to Libya.
http://www.dsw-photo.com/Photos/LBYA...1/XL/01-XL.jpg

Libya was my final MENA (Middle East and North Africa) country left to visit, and this was my third attempt trying to enter the country.

After the Libyan Revolution and ouster of Gaddafi, there was relatively stability with airlines such as Emirates, Air Malta, Tunisair and Turkish Airlines flying into Tripoli.

In May 2014 I had booked a three day trip to Tripoli flying from Malta and onto Tunisia. Just before I applied for my visa, visits by foreigners were suspended due to upcoming elections, and soon after the second Libyan Civil War erupted. Tripoli International Airport was subsequently heavily damaged during militia clashes with 90% of the airport's facilities, 20 airplanes destroyed and all flights into Libya by international airlines permanently halted.

For my second attempt, near the end of 2015, I was planning to join Jordan (hauteboy) on a visit to Western Libya, crossing overland from neighbouring Tunisia. However the border was temporarily closed in late November after a suicide bombing in Tunis that killed 13 presidential guards using Semtex explosive traced to Libya. I decided to pull out of the trip due to the uncertainty.

Earlier this year I had read a blog written by an American traveller, Randy Williams, who had flown in from Tunis and spent New Years in Tripoli. After contacting the same Libyan travel agency, plans quickly crystallised for a three night stay in the Tripoli for my third attempt at visiting Libya.

After checking in for my Turkish Airlines flight to Istanbul, I went through immigration, security and then headed to the Marhaba Lounge for some dinner.
http://www.dsw-photo.com/Photos/LBYA...9/XL/02-XL.jpg

With international airlines no longer flying into Libya, the travel agency booked flights for us from Tunis to Tripoli (TUN-MJI) on Libyan Wings (YL). To position to Tunis I travelled on Turkish Airlines (TK) via Istanbul.
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After the destruction at Tripoli International Airport (TIP) in 2014, Tripoli's Mitiga Airport (MJI), formerly used as a base by the US Air Force from 1943 to 1970 and located 8 kilometres east of the city centre, became the main international airport for the country.

The Libyan visa was my most expensive visa to date. Unfortunately tourist visas are currently not offered and the only way to visit is on a business visa. The visa invitation and pre-authorisation was $350, and then another $160 payable when I got the visa at the consulate in Dubai.

Our return flight from Tunis to Tripoli on Libyan Wings was $350 and the four day / three night tour cost was $650 per person, including hotel, guide, escort / driver and all food and entrance costs.

The TK 777 waiting at the gate.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:34 am


Having just taken the same flight to Istanbul just three weeks prior there was definitely a sense of déjà vu.
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Enjoying the light snack from Do & Co before putting on the eye shades and ear plugs to get a few hours sleep.
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Day 1.

Joining the throngs of people at Istanbul Atatürk Airport just after 6am.
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Turkish Delight for sale in duty free.
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Enjoying a Zeytinli Açma and a Turkish coffee at Starbucks.
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The TK A320 for the 8:30am flight to Tunis.
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Flying over Atatürk Olympic Stadium just after take-off
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:35 am


Hot breakfast served as we head towards Tunis.
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Descending towards Tunis–Carthage International Airport just after 9am and my third continent in less than 12 hours.
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Ground side after changing some dollars for Tunisian dinars. Customs had also asked what my profession was after noticing I was carrying a DSLR. Luckily they were satisfied when I said I was just a tourist.
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The flight to Tripoli wasn't until another six hours so I headed outside for a bit of a walk. Boulevard Cheik Zayed, named after the founder of the UAE.
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The boulevard ran along the edge of Lac de Tunis. It was pretty quiet but was lined with restaurants and seemed like the kind of place that really comes alive in the evening.
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At Gelato Stellina where I grabbed an early lunch of a Nutella & banana crêpe and a hot coffee.
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Just after 12pm I started to walk back towards the airport.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:35 am


Back at the airport I caught up with Jordan, who had just arrived on a Air France flight from Paris.

Check-in for our Libyan Wings flight to Tunis opened just after 1pm.
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Tripoli's Mitiga Airport had been closed for the previous two days after battles between competing militia's in the nearby Al-Ghrarat district. During the fighting a Libyan Airlines A330 was also damaged by stray gunfire.

Libyan Airlines had hence subsequently suspended flights to and from Tunis due to their grounded A330, and we were hence fortunate that Libyan Wings aircraft had not been affected by the battles and our flight today was operating as scheduled.

After successfully checking in we grabbed a quick snack before passing through immigration and security.
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The Libyan Wings Airbus waiting at the gate. Libyan Wings is a privately owned Libyan Airline with a fleet of two A319's that fly three times daily between Tripoli and Tunis, and once daily between Tripoli and Istanbul.
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In our exit row seats shortly after take-off. After the earlier failed attempts to visit Libya it felt great to finally realise that I might actually succeed!
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A small but quite impressive meal served on the one hour flight.
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Our approach into Tripoli was uneventful and we were soon on the ground and taxiing to the terminal. On the way we passed quite a few derelict Soviet-era military aircraft including a MiG-25. It was quite exciting to finally see one in real life, as they are one of the few aircraft built primarly from stainless steel (to cope with the high temperatures experienced with flying at speeds close to Mach 3).

Disembarking at a remote stand next to an Afriqiyah Airways A319 that had just arrived from Khartoum.
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After the bus dropped us at the main terminal we went inside to join the queue for immigration. There was a queue for foreigners that was unfortunately quite long with the recent flight from Sudan. While the line for Libyans went quite quickly, our queue moved very slowly and it took us over an hour before we were finally stamped into the country.

After immigration we were asked briefly our purpose for our visit to Libya. Myself and Jordan were travelling on business visa's organised by the travel agency and visiting Libya as 'engineers'. As Jordan worked as a software engineer and myself as a chemical engineer, we both just stated as such when we were asked what types of engineers we were.

Jordan and his bag made it through the X-ray machine ok however I was pulled aside when they spotted my DSLR camera. When I was asked if I had a permit for it, I said it was just for personal use, but they still weren't satisfied and asked who was meeting us at the airport.

Our escort, Salem, was luckily waiting for us and after he exchanged some words with the airport official we were on our way and off to our hotel in the city centre along with our guide Yousuf.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:36 am


A welcome drink at the Victoria Hotel after we arrived at just before 8pm.
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My room for the next three nights in Tripoli. I had medicore expectations but was pleasantly surprised with the clean and modern room.
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After agreeing to meet up with Salem and Yousuf in the hotel lobby at 9am tomorrow, myself and Jordan headed up to the top floor to the hotel restaurant for dinner.
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And looking down on the city below at the end of day 1.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:37 am


Day 2.

After a decent sleep I met up with Jordan again for breakfast just after 8am. Jordan's room was on the eastern side of the hotel and he said he woke up to the sound of automatic gun fire in the direction of the airport!
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Looking over to St. Francis Catholic Church and Tripoli harbour and the Mediterranean Sea beyond.
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An old Cadillac parked on the street near our hotel. The red graffiti on the wall says "God is greater & Libya’s Dawn".
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Just before 9am we met up with Salem and Yousuf again and then drove out to the western side of the city.
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We then arrived at our first stop, the Janzur Museum.
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Janzur is the site of Punic catacombs dating between the first and the fourth centuries AD. The complex was accidentally discovered in 1958 when a farmer discovered one of the underground tombs.

Inside the small museum that was built over one of the most significant tombs discovered.
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Arabic and English text describing some of the recovered antiquities.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:38 am


Clay olive oil lamps.
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A large clay jar dating from the second and third century AD that was used for keeping the remains of the deceased after cremation.
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The main royal tomb with its white walls covered in still vivid paintings of everyday life with various people and animals.
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Yousuf said that the paintings were original, with no restoration required after being well preserved after almost 2,000 years in the sealed underground tomb.
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More jars that were used to store remains of the deceased.
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Exploring the rest of the site outside of the museum. Alot of the cemetery remains unexcavated.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:38 am


One of the Punic burials, which are also the oldest of the cemeteries on the site and date from the first century AD. They consist of a rectangular, open pit with built-in steps along one side for easy descent to the burial room dug underneath.
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One of the olive tree's remaining from when the site was originally a farm. Yousuf said that the farmer that discovered the tombs was given a job as a watchman but else wasn't compensated for losing his land when it became an archaelogical site.
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Passing by a bullet ridden cartoon mural of Gaddafi as we drove east back towards the city centre. The arabic text at top is a poem that reads:

The tent and the womb and the women know me.
Tyranny, and arrogance and injustice.

I was accompanied in the headship by the chair solo.
Until the Arabs and the non-Arabs were surprised.

Those who despise us, we have to shoot them.
With rockets, since everything after me is nothing.


http://www.dsw-photo.com/Photos/LBYA...8/XL/45-XL.jpg

Adidas & Reebok.
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Mosque.
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We then drove down an alley in a residential area and parked beside to what seemed like someones backyard.
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Beneath the yard however was another underground catacomb looked after by a single caretaker.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:39 am


Yousuf said that it had been broken into by vandals a few years ago and significantly damaged. Some of the wall paintings were luckily still in good condition however.
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It was hard to believe such beautiful and historic images were protected by a single padlocked door.
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Roman.
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Battle.
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Cinnabon. We then drove back towards the city centre.
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At quite a colourful and trendy local café where we stopped for a mid-morning break.
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The place was delightfully decorated with retro American posters.
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And a full complement of different types of coffees available. It was really surprising to see the menu in only English too.
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12 Libyan dinars for an Oreo milkshake. $9 at the official rate but much less at the going black market rate.
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Upstairs where the café was decorated with a more classical look complete with a piano player. It was quite surreal to be in such a cool, quirky place with Tripolitans enjoying coffee and cake while militia's were battling each other only a few kilometres away two days ago.
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Salem (left) and Yousuf (right) posing for a photo.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:40 am


Enjoying a hot cappuccino and poundcake. Yousuf said that Egyptian and Morrocans used to perform most service jobs in the country up until the revolution when they fled the country, and that now local Libyans had to fill these roles.
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And having a chat outside with the piano man, a friend of Yousuf's.
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Driving through an upmarket area of Tripoli where there were some very nice houses.
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Our next stop was the Commonwealth Tripoli War Cemetery, located in the Mansura district.
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During the North African campaign of World War II, Tripoli was an important Axis base until taken by the British in January 1943. It then became a medical centre, and the burials in the war cemetery were almost entirely from the hospitals.
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A cross in the middle of the cemetery. There were caretakers making sure the cemetery was kept in immaculate condition and Yousuf half-joked that it was the cleanest place in Tripoli.
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As well as United Kingdom there were graves for military personnel from Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and India.
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Next door was the now disused Italian Municipal Christian Cemetery and which was unfortunately now in ruins from both neglect and vandalism.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:41 am


A damaged gravestone lying in the grass.
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At just after 1pm we headed to a local restaurant for some lunch.
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Soup to start.
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Followed by some tasty lamb and couscous.
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After lunch we headed towards the Medina along Al Kurnish Road, passing by the JW Marriott. The five star hotel opened on the 15th of February, 2011, just days before the Libyan Civil War began. Guests and staff were evacuated to Amman two weeks later and the hotel has remained closed ever since.
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That El Emad Towers.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:42 am


Passing a Toyota Technical outside the Port.
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We then stopped to explore the Tripoli Medina / Old City.

The Arch of Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor from 161 to 180 and the last of the so-called Five Good Emperors.
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It was constructed in 165 by Gaius Calpurnius Celsus to commemorate the victories of the Roman–Parthian War.
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We then walked through Tripoli's Medina Quarter.
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The labyrinth of streets and alleys were a real delight to walk through and explore.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:43 am


French Street, named after where the French Consulate used to be situated.
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Graffiti that says "The west (of Libya) sat down, so cut off the free".
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The Historic Greek Orthodox Church of St. George, dating back to 1647 and the oldest Orthodox church in North Africa.
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Continuing our walk through the medina.
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Alley.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:43 am


A crystal adorned Djellaba for sale, a long, loose-fitting outer robe with full sleeves that is worn in North Africa.
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The entrance to Gurgi Mosque, located in the heart of Tripoli Medina.
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The mosque was commissioned by Naval Captain Mustafa Gurgi and built in 1834 during the Ottoman era.
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The Clock Tower in the distance with a large, bustling crowd just below.
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The crowd was people negotiating the exchange of Libyan dinars for dollars and euros. Although the dinar is officially fixed to the US dollar by the Libyan Central Bank at the rate of 1.37, Yousuf said the current black market rate was about 8 dinars to the dollar.
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Credit and debit cards, both international and domestic, are no longer accepted in Libya also.

Crescents, the symbol of Islam and used to adorn the top of minarets.
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Workshop.
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Hammer.
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At a café in the medina.
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And a strong espresso for a mid-afternoon caffeine fix.
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Fridge magnets for sale, despite almost zero tourists visiting the country for the last few years.
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Merchant.
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Shopping.
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Hijab.
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Slippers.
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Misbaha.
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Wool.
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Jordan with Salem and Yousuf walking through the souq.
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Drums.
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Drum maker.
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The flag of Libya painted on a door. Originally introduced in 1951 following the creation of the Kingdom of Libya, dropped during the Gaddafi era and reinstated follwing the 2011 Libyan Revolution.
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And at the end of our very interesting and fascinating walking tour through the medina.
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Libyan flags flying on the edge of Martyrs' Square on Albaladia Street.
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Martyrs' Square was known as Green Square under Gaddafi, Independence Square during the monarchy and as Piazza Italia (Italy Square) during Italian colonial rule.
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Libyan rebel groups took control of the area in August 2011 during the Battle of Tripoli and started referring to it as Martyrs' Square to commemorate those who died in the fight against the government.
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Tripolis Festival 2017. Despite the lack of stable government and sporadic fighting still ocurring within the city, it was great to see life still carrying on with some sense of normality.
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Enjoying a cup of tea beside Saraya Lake. A mother and daughter to the right were quite curious to see a couple of westerners in the city and introduced themselves and we had a bit of a chat.
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Paddle boats on the lake.
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Ice cream truck. We then walked east along Sharia al Fatah Street.
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We heard a bit of a commotion, and after walking closer realised it was a parade of Libyan boys and girls in traditional dress.

The parade passing in front of the former Tripoli Cathedral. Opened in 1928 during the Italian Libya colonial era, it is now known as Jamal Abdul Nasser Mosque after conversion during the Gaddafi era.
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The kids were all part of Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.
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Yousuf said that they were from throughout Libya and not just Tripoli and were wearing traditional dress from different parts of the country.
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The girls wearing very elaborate dresses.
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Lots of vibrant colours and adorned with gold and beads.
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Normally the locals were apprehensive of people pointing a camera in their direction, but as everyone had their smartphone out taking photos and video it was much easier to also snap away without any issues.
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Quite a fascinating and immersive spectacle to experience.
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The parade then entered the old Governor's Palace built during the Italian Colonial era.
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A sculpture of a dove made from bullet casings in front of the Palace. After independence it became the Royal Palace of Tripoli and the official residence of King Idris of Libya. After the 2011 Libyan Revolution it is now a public library.
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Boy scouts in uniform.
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Speeches being given outside the old Palace at the end of the procession. The parade was definitely one of those serendipitous travel experiences which we were very fortunate to encounter and enjoy!
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We then walked to a Souq Dahra. A Libyan cat having a big stretch!
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Pulses and spices.
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The souq was built during the Italian Colonial era.
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Twins.
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For dinner we headed to a nearby Turkish restaurant. After the exodus from Libya of Egyptian, Morrocan and other foreign workers, it was quite a surprise to see these Turkish gentlemen still here.
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I went to the bathroom to wash my hands and went to turn the tap on but nothing came out. However there were bottles of water next to the sink to use instead. Later Yousuf said that parts of Tripoli had been without water for almost a fortnight after the pro-Qaddafi militia of the Magarha tribe in the south of the country disabled a pumping station after their leader, Al-Mabrouk Ahnish, was captured and detained.

A large glass of Ayran to quench to thirst after all the walking.
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And some tasty chicken döner at the end of a very interesting and immersive day of exploring Tripoli.
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:44 am


Day 3.

The view from the hotel roof at the beginning of day 3.
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And another decent breakfast at the hotel restaurant.
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Today's plan was to head east along to coast to the town of Khoms and visit the nearby ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna, one of the best preserved Roman ruins in the Mediterranean.
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Some murals on a wall from the 2011 Libyan Revolution as we head out of the city.
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Yousuf pouring us some tea his wife had made earlier.
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Just before 10am we arrived at Leptis Magna, one of five UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Libya.
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The Berber and Punic city was founded in the second half of the 7th century BC. At the end of the Third Punic War in 146 BC, when the Romans conquered and completely destroyed the former Phoenician colony of Carthage and annexed all remaining Carthaginian territory, the city consequently became part of the Roman Republic.

We entered the site and walked north towards the magnificent Arch of Septimius Severus. Apart from a handful of local visitors, we had the place all to ourselves.
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The triumphal arch was built in 203 AD and commissioned by Septimius Severus, who was born at Leptis Magna and was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. As Emperor, Severus led numerous conquests and the Roman Empire reached its greatest extent under his reign, encompassing an area of over five million square kilometers and stretching from present day Scotland all the way to what is now Iraq.

The arch was discovered in 1928 by Italian Giacomo Guidi and then subsequently under went extensive excavation and reconstruction.
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Looking up at some of the ornate and very intricate sculpture work on the arch.
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After being buried for many centuries under the sand, the detailed reliefs were remarkably well preserved.
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We then continued along the paved road south-east of the arch.
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A symbol of an evil eye, a curse believed to be cast by a simple malevolent glare dating from classical antiquity. On it's left is a variety of symbols to ward off the evil eye, including a fist shaped as a fig sign and a fascinus (divine phallus).
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The Palaestra, dating to the reign of Roman Emperor Commodus (180-192). A field where men would partake in running, wrestling and ball games. As they wore no clothing while exercising, the field could also be called a gymnasium (from the Greek work gymnos for naked).
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Next to the Palaestra was the Hadrianic Baths. In the foreground is the swimming pool and behind are the remains of the tepid and warm baths. The columns in the bath house were made from granite imported from Egypt and marble imported from Greece.
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Yousuf pointing out an inscription in Latin on a marble slab in the centre of the frigidarium (cold room).
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The inscription was a dedication to Emperor Arch of Septimius Severus.
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As the hometown of Roman Emperor Septimius Severus, Leptis Magna achieved its greatest prominence beginning in AD 193. The Emperor favoured his hometown above all other provincial cities, and the attention and wealth he lavished on it made the city the third-most important in Africa, rivaling Carthage and Alexandria.

The inscription translates as: To Emperor Caesar [Lucius Septimius Severus] Pius Pertinax Augustus, victor in Arabia, victor in Adiabene, greatest victor in Parthia, chief priest, holding tribunician power for the tenth time, acclaimed victor eleven times, father of the country, proconsul, consul for the third time; the Septimian Lepcitanians, (set this up) publicly on account of his outstanding and god-like favours to them.
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One of the hot baths. Yousuf told us about a film made in 1957, Legend of the Lost, starring John Wayne and Sophia Lauren and shot partly in Libya. Leptis Magna was used extensively as a filming location and as a replacement for the ancient city of Timgad (actually situated in neighbouring Algeria).
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DanielW Jan 6, 2018 5:45 am


A still from the film with John Wayne, Sophia Loren and Italian co-star Rossano Brazzi washing their new found treasure in the baths at Leptis Magna.
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Arches of the Caldarium (hot room).
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A public latrine with suitably placed 'keyholes' where people would perform their ablutions.
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The facade of the Byzantine Church. Built in the sixth century after Leptis Magna was conquered by armies of the Byzantine emperor Justinian.
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The gravestone of a bishop inside the church.
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Looking over the Severan Forum and Basilica.
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It was quite surreal to be able to walk about such extensive and magnificent Roman ruins with no guards or ropes to obstruct us and very few other people about. I could almost imagine what it felt like to discover a lost ancient city as a fictional adventurer in a Hollywood film or video game such as Indiana Jones or Nathan Drake.
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The Crisis of the 3rd Century was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression. The dramatic drop in trade during the time severely affected the city and it's importance also fell into a decline, and by the middle of the 4th century, large parts of the city had been abandoned.

Birds up in the blue sky, flying over some of the marble pillars.
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A symbol carved into marble.
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Another Latin inscription.
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A bush growing within the Basilica. Yousuf said that 200 guards and caretakers were employed by the government to look after the site, but after the revolution they had simply stopped working despite still collecting their paychecks.
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Three marble pillars, originally from the Hadrianic Baths, that had been moved to the coast for a shipment to Europe that never came.
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Between 1686 and 1708, the French consul in Tripoli, Claude Lemaire removed over 600 columns from Leptis Magna and they were presented to Louis XIV for use in his palaces at Versailles and Paris.

Both British and Italian names from a hundred years ago had been engraved on the marble pillars.
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In 1816 the British Consul General in Tripoli persuaded the local Governor that he should also be able to ‘help himself’ to the ruins. Consequently 22 granite columns, 15 marble columns, 10 capitals, 25 pedestals, 7 loose slabs, 10 pieces of cornice and and 5 inscribed slabs were shipped to the UK.

Between June 1827 and March 1828 the antiquities were arranged by George IV’s architect in the form of a ruined Roman temple of his own design, and now reside beside Virginia Water Lake in Windsor Great Park.

A fascinus (divine phallus) on a wall, to ward off the curse of the evil eye.
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And another carved into the pavement. It was quite amusing to see phalluses about in random places.
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Another phallus combined with a fist shaped as a fig sign as double protection against the evil eye.
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Looking down on the Macellum.
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The Macellum (a Roman indoor market building that sold mostly provisions) was built in 9-8 BCE and consisted of a large square, surrounded by a portico with two octagonal buildings.
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We then moved onto the Leptis Magna Theatre. The Theatre is the oldest of Roman Africa, and also the second largest after the theatre at Sabratha.
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A scene from the film Legend of the Lost, with John Wayne and Sophia Loren standing centre in the Leptis Magna Theatre.
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The Duke climbing up the stairs of the theatre. Unfortunately it may be a while until a Hollywood production returns to Libya to film a movie again.
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By the front seats there was some two thousand year old graffiti with an engraving in the rock made long ago by a member of the audience.
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Two marble pillars on the Theatre extending up to the sky.
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By the time of the Arab conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th century, Leptis Magna was mostly abandoned except for a Byzantine garrison force and a population of less than 1,000 inhabitants. Under Arab domination Leptis disappeared and by the 10th century the city was forgotten and fully covered by sand.

We then walked back to the entrance after an amazing several hours exploring the ancient ruins. Enjoying a cool drink after all the exploration. There were a few souvenir shops and Jordan took the opportunity to get some gifts to take home for his daughter.
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Stopping to fuel up with diesel. Despite being extremely cheap (at the fixed price of less than 2 cents a litre), fuel is very scarce in Libya due to the instability and turmoil. With a fresh delivery having just been made to the local service station, Salem grabbed the chance to fill up the van. Yousuf said that Salem had to sometimes sleep in the van overnight so as to not lose his place in the queue while waiting to fill up in Tripoli.
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Having a hearty lunch in Khoms just after 2:30pm.
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In the late afternoon we headed to the Leptis Magna Amphitheatre, which was situated ~1 kilometre from the rest of the city. The Amphitheater was excavated in a former quarry, close to the sea, in 56 AD and dedicated to the Roman Emperor Nero.
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With a capacity of about 16,000, people would come to see both men and beast face off until death.
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In one of the tunnels under the amphitheatre to access the lower rows.
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A normal show started early in the morning, when animals had to fight against each other, such as a bull and a bear. At noon a typical spectacle was the execution of criminals, runaway slaves and Christians who were thrown ad bestias, a form of Roman capital punishment in which the condemned person was killed by various wild animals such as hyena, elephant, wild boar, buffalo, bears, lions, tigers, bulls, wolves, and leopards.
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The gladiators performed in the afternoon and entertained the audience with bloody battles with other gladiators as well as with wild animals and lesser mortals. It was great again to wander about the ruins unimpeded and almost alone, and imagine the savage and brutal performances of the mighty gladiators that delighted the masses nearly two millenia ago.
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Salem serving some hot coffee.
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And enjoying the amazing view.
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On our way back to the van a local shepherd spotted us. He was worried that we were from UNESCO and that we would report him for grazing his flock too close to the ruins! Luckily Yousuf and Salem quickly reassured him that everything was ok and we were just innocent tourists.
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At the entrance to Leptis Magna Port, situated to the southeast of the old city center. Yousuf said that the lump of concrete was scrawled with the name of a particularly brutal militia that was part of the 2011 Libyan Revolution.
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The caved in remains of a bath house by the sea. Yousuf said that years ago a French archaeologist had stupidly used a tractor to try and excavate the area, and the weight of the tractor had broken and destroyed the roof of the underground bath house.
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Looking out to sea along the eastern pier of the port. An artificial port, the area to the left was originally filled with water with the pier protecting the harbor against wind and storms.
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With dusk approaching, we then headed back to Tripoli after an amazing day of exploration and marvel at the ruins of Leptis Magna.

Back in Tripoli just after 7:30pm, where we headed to a local seafood restaurant for dinner.
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Outside they had a large display of fish freshly caught from the warm waters of the Mediterranean.
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Salem told us that as all the Egyptian and Moroccan fisherman had fled the country after the post revolution turmoil, fish was now quite an expensive luxury in Libya.

After selecting a Red Snapper each, we gave it to the cook ready to be barbequed.
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Jordan wanted to take a photo of the Libyan currency before the end of the trip. Although Salem only had a few notes, the friendly restaurant manager was very helpful and provided a clean and unwrinkled note of each denomination.
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And a very sizable portion of grilled Red Snapper for our last dinner in Libya. It was my first time selecting a fish for dinner and I badly overestimated how big a fish I could eat!
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Day 4.

I woke to rain on the morning of day 4. There was also a quite bit of thunder which we initially mistook for something more sinister.
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After a final breakfast at the hotel we packed our bags, checked out of the hotel and met up with Salem and Yousuf at 9:30am.
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Our flight back to Tunis today didn't depart until 2:35pm so we still had a bit of time in Tripoli.

Driving past a mosque in Tripoli that was still under construction at the time of the 2011 Libyan Revolution for Safia Farkash, the wife of Gaddafi. It now sits unfinished.
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At a local café that was holding an exhibition of paintings by a local Libyan artist.
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A painting of kids playing on French Street in the Medina, where we had visited two days previously.
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The paintings were all incredibly detailed and showed Tripolitanians in simpler times.
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French Street again featuring in one of the paintings.
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Cappuccino and local pastries for morning tea.
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Yousuf and Salem posing in front of one of the paintings.
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Fayez al-Sarraj, the current Prime Minister of the GNA government based in Tripoli, had visited the previous day and purchased the painting.
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A beautiful print of a Libyan girl dressed in purple, brown and red.
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The art director approached us and asked us what we thought of the paintings and then kindly gave us a print to take home. They were selling them for €60 each so it was quite a nice and unexpected gesture.
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We then headed back to the van. A pile of rubbish with 'no rubbish' written in black on the fence just behind.
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Visiting the local mall and supermarket on the way to the airport. At the official currency exchange rate the prices were very expensive but at the black market rate they were close to normal.
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Yousuf leading us to the terminal entrance at Mitiga International Airport. We then checked in and said farewell to both Salem and Yousuf and thanked them for the great few days in Libya. In case of any issues exiting the country, they said they would wait outside for 30 minutes or so just in case.
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I had read online how other travellers exiting Tripoli had had numerous questions on why they had visited Libya, extensive bag searches and even one who was taken into a back room for a minor interrogation to see if he was a spy!

Luckily I was just simply asked what country I was from and was then waved on. Jordan was asked what company he worked for and was allowed to proceed after showing his company ID badge.

Seat 15E for the short hop to Tunis.
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And about to board the Libyan Wings A319 after an exciting and amazing trip to Libya!
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AJO Jan 6, 2018 7:03 am

Great report once again! This brings back some memories from my visit to Libya in 2004 (the "good old days"). Back then, there were hardly any tourists either; many people wanted to take pictures with me :D. The tourist visa cost "just" 90 euros. We did a circle trip through the country, visiting Ghadames (غدامس‎), Sabha (سبها‎), Ghat (غات‎), Sirte (سرت‎) and Banghazi ( بنغازي ). We tried to go to Tobruk (طبرق‎) as well, but unfortunately it was too far to visit in one day from Banghazi.

lamphs Jan 6, 2018 8:23 am

Happy New Year to you DanielW from Washington DC where it is -13 C. A great report to read over a cup of coffee. Thanks for posting and thanks for incorporating the Wikipedia links. I know that takes a significant effort. I very much want to go to some of those, lets say 'discouraged', countries at some point, but I think my family would disown me!

Madone59 Jan 6, 2018 8:29 am

Wow. Just wow! Another fantastic TR - thank you for sharing ^

nequine Jan 6, 2018 9:11 am

Thanks for another great trip report from you Daniel, it looked a very interesting country to visit. :)

kalderlake Jan 6, 2018 9:47 am

Brilliant, as always.

Thank you very much.

kl

MA330 Jan 6, 2018 11:07 am

Absolutely stunning report, Daniel. Just saw your upcoming Baghdad to Basra trip report and I have to admit I'm slightly jealous. :)

blueline7 Jan 6, 2018 12:15 pm

I think you may have outdone yourself this time, Daniel! You so crazy to go to Libya, but wow, walking in those ruins, priceless.

rhivolution Jan 6, 2018 12:17 pm

Fantastic TR. Leptis Magna looks incredible. I know 5 others who went in 2017 and at that time, the guide said only about 20 tourists had visited Leptis Magna all year. I'm not sure if that was an exaggeration, but it wouldn't surprise me. Did you experience any hostility during your trip? I'm told reactions were "mixed" to the others. I've got quite a lot planned for the first half of 2018 but may well put Libya on the list for later in the year.

flyupfrnt Jan 6, 2018 12:42 pm

Wow. Absolutely Amazing. Thanks so much. Stunning historical sights and a "Risky" visit no doubt about that. Thanks very very much for sharing.

lb8001 Jan 6, 2018 1:04 pm

HNY, Daniel - another wonderful TR with awesome photos. All the Roman ruins were so cool and the amazing preservation of so many drawings and carvings. Libya is a country I will probably never get to but I have you to share your trip - thanks again!

kcmd Jan 6, 2018 2:25 pm

Great trip report, especially enjoyed reading about the Roman ruins!

londonfog Jan 6, 2018 5:13 pm

Wow! Talking about starting 2018 with a bang! Great report.

Spanish Jan 6, 2018 5:28 pm

I really enjoyed reading your trip report, and I enjoyed the prolific use of photographs. A wonderful walk through your trip to Libya. It's always an exciting experience to visiting a new country! Glad you enjoyed your time there.

HawaiiTrvlr Jan 6, 2018 7:33 pm

Your trip reports are legendary. This is no exception. I loved the ruins the most. How much was it to employ Salem and Yousef to show you around? I assume you didn't bring your drone this time?

krazykanuck Jan 6, 2018 8:47 pm

First off, how do I get invited on these trips? :mad:
Second, great TR as usual.
Third, why the flash of the EU passport at the beginning and the NZ as you're leaving? Do the various African authorities care that much between passports?

DanielW Jan 6, 2018 10:02 pm


Originally Posted by AJO (Post 29257356)
Great report once again! This brings back some memories from my visit to Libya in 2004 (the "good old days"). Back then, there were hardly any tourists either; many people wanted to take pictures with me :D. The tourist visa cost "just" 90 euros. We did a circle trip through the country, visiting Ghadames (غدامس‎), Sabha (سبها‎), Ghat (غات‎), Sirte (سرت‎) and Banghazi ( بنغازي ). We tried to go to Tobruk (طبرق‎) as well, but unfortunately it was too far to visit in one day from Banghazi.

Thank you, AJO:). Yes, I'm jealous of the people who managed to visit these countries before things went pear shaped. Ditto with Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan etc.

Originally Posted by lamphs (Post 29257580)
Happy New Year to you DanielW from Washington DC where it is -13 C. A great report to read over a cup of coffee. Thanks for posting and thanks for incorporating the Wikipedia links. I know that takes a significant effort. I very much want to go to some of those, lets say 'discouraged', countries at some point, but I think my family would disown me!

Thanks, lamphs:). And I thought 16C here in the morning Dubai at the moment was cold:D! I tell my family about visits to more adventurous countries until after I get back, saves a bit of stress on their side:).

Originally Posted by Madone59 (Post 29257589)
Wow. Just wow! Another fantastic TR - thank you for sharing ^

​​​
Many thanks, Madone59:). It was definitely one of those trips where you are excited to start it but also thankful when it is over and all went ok:).

Originally Posted by nequine (Post 29257670)
Thanks for another great trip report from you Daniel, it looked a very interesting country to visit. :)

Cheers, nequine:). I really wanted to visit Libya for a quite a while so was glad when I finally made it.

Originally Posted by kalderlake (Post 29257804)
Brilliant, as always.

Thank you very much.

kl

Thanks, kalderlake:).

Originally Posted by MA330 (Post 29258060)
Absolutely stunning report, Daniel. Just saw your upcoming Baghdad to Basra trip report and I have to admit I'm slightly jealous. :)

Thank you, MA330:). Yes, Iraq was a great trip too and got to see alot , from some of Saddam's old palaces to the Shia Shrines in Karbala and Najaf.
​​

Originally Posted by blueline7 (Post 29258291)
I think you may have outdone yourself this time, Daniel! You so crazy to go to Libya, but wow, walking in those ruins, priceless.

Many thanks, blueline7:). Yes, it was great to have Leptis Magna almost to ourselves, much easier to take photo's too without other people in the way:).

Originally Posted by rhivolution (Post 29258300)
Fantastic TR. Leptis Magna looks incredible. I know 5 others who went in 2017 and at that time, the guide said only about 20 tourists had visited Leptis Magna all year. I'm not sure if that was an exaggeration, but it wouldn't surprise me. Did you experience any hostility during your trip? I'm told reactions were "mixed" to the others. I've got quite a lot planned for the first half of 2018 but may well put Libya on the list for later in the year.

Thanks, rhivolution:). Yes, with tourist visas technically no longer issued and govt travel advisories putting Libya firmly as 'off-limits', only a few adventurous travellers make it to Libya at the moment. We didn't get any real hostility. Our guides said that in the markets someone said "why are the foreigners here" in arabic, but nothing too serious. I think in Gaddafi times there was a lot of paranoia over foreigners, and they were 'plotting to steal Libya's resources', and that there is still a bit of this about.

Originally Posted by flyupfrnt (Post 29258396)
Wow. Absolutely Amazing. Thanks so much. Stunning historical sights and a "Risky" visit no doubt about that. Thanks very very much for sharing.

Thank you, flyupfrnt:). Yes, so much history, both ancient and within the last few centuries, such a delight to see and explore.

Originally Posted by lb8001 (Post 29258465)
HNY, Daniel - another wonderful TR with awesome photos. All the Roman ruins were so cool and the amazing preservation of so many drawings and carvings. Libya is a country I will probably never get to but I have you to share your trip - thanks again!

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Cheers, lb8001:). I never expected the Roman ruins to be so extensive and well preserved. A really amazing experience.

Originally Posted by kcmd (Post 29258739)
Great trip report, especially enjoyed reading about the Roman ruins!

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Thanks, kcmd:). Yes, Leptis Magna was such a great place to wander about and take in.

Originally Posted by londonfog (Post 29259293)
Wow! Talking about starting 2018 with a bang! Great report.

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Many thanks, londonfog:). Hopefully some more adventures in 2018 to come:).

Originally Posted by Spanish (Post 29259349)
I really enjoyed reading your trip report, and I enjoyed the prolific use of photographs. A wonderful walk through your trip to Libya. It's always an exciting experience to visiting a new country! Glad you enjoyed your time there.

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Thank you, Spanish:). Yes, great to finally visit my last MENA country left to visit.

Originally Posted by HawaiiTrvlr (Post 29259669)
Your trip reports are legendary. This is no exception. I loved the ruins the most. How much was it to employ Salem and Yousef to show you around? I assume you didn't bring your drone this time?

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Thanks, HawaiiTrvlr:). Our time in Libya cost $650 each, plus flights and visa. No drone, didn't want any grief at Tripoli airport or Tunis either.

Originally Posted by krazykanuck (Post 29259841)
First off, how do I get invited on these trips? :mad:
Second, great TR as usual.
Third, why the flash of the EU passport at the beginning and the NZ as you're leaving? Do the various African authorities care that much between passports?

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Many thanks, krazykanuck:). Haha:D! I actually recently joined a FB travel group, and some how found myself in Najaf, Iraq for New Years:). Last time I travelled to Tunisia I needed my UK passport for the VOA, although I think NZ can get it now too.

hauteboy Jan 6, 2018 11:14 pm

Great report and glad I could join you on this trip! Guess I need to write my report :D

Traveller2 Jan 7, 2018 1:08 am


Fantastic report. Thanks for posting. Made for a very enjoyable read.
Travel safe.

snabbu Jan 7, 2018 2:00 am

As always a fascinating report Daniel, thank you.

roadwarrier Jan 7, 2018 4:09 am

Thank you once again - I can only echo what everyone has mentioned already. Thank you for taking time to write up these TR's.

offerendum Jan 7, 2018 7:29 am

Impressive as always^

phranktzi Jan 7, 2018 9:06 am

Thanks for sharing another wonderful location that is not frequently visited.

rob_flies_ua Jan 7, 2018 9:31 am

Fantastic, thank you again for sharing! Any time I see a new TR from you, I set aside a chunk of time to go through it :)


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