What to do in and near Bonn:
- check what kind of exhibitions are on at the Bundeskunsthalle, they are usually really good
- Deutsches Historisches Museum, if you're into history
- Beethoven's birthplace
- a hike up the Drachenfels to enjoy the view and see the castle ruins. Drachenfels is the one of the Siebengebirge mountains that's closest to the Rhine.
- Brühl palace and park, if you like baroque style
For day trips:
- no need to mention Cologne, I suppose!
- Rhine valley between Koblenz and Bingen, no need to mention that either
- Ahr valley, with the spas of Bad Neuenahr, the old town of Ahrweiler, the rocky part of the valley at Altenahr, a hike on the Rotweinwanderweg trail through the vineyards and of course sampling some of the local red wines. (Local train from Bonn Hauptbahnhof every hour, direction: Ahrbrück)
- Aachen
- the Mosel valley, IMHO more romantic than the Rhine valley, and less crowded