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I'm hard pressed to think of any specific examples of people who actually attempted to return to their countries of origin while in transit (most seem to catch themselves before entering the arena), but I know of numerous friends/colleagues who have been fined and/or detained as a result of visa related infractions (e.g. expired visas, miscalculated permitted days, failure to register with PSB, engaging in prohibited activities).

Three points have resonated strongly with me: 1. the data maintained at the individual level is quite extensive and readily accessible by case leads; 2. the punishment mechanisms function like a well oiled machine; and 3. dentention is orderly but most unpleasant.

I realize these things contradict the "keystone cops" stereotype we often ascribe to Chinese bureaucracy, but I've now seen enough to concede that they excel in this particular area (as well as others such as traffic law enforcement).

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