All they did is order Indian ISPs to block access to the eSIM providers' websites and the apps pulled from the Indian version of the app stores. I'm not sure exactly how that will prevent Indian scammers from obtaining foreign phone numbers given that these are data-only eSIMs. Plus, I'm sure most of the scammers 'obtain' their foreign numbers either by spoofing caller ID or by buying service anonymously in one of the huge number of countries where that's legal.

If you buy an eSIM from Airalo et al while outside of India, it'll still work since the roaming agreements with the underlying carriers are still there--but if you want to use the provider's app to top up, you won't be able to do it while connected to wifi without VPNing abroad. It should still work while using the data, since the roaming SIM routes its data through its home country.

My Flexiroam and 3HK SIMs still work fine here. I don't have any credit on the 3 account to try making calls or sending SMS, but I'd bet even that still works; the 3HK eSIMs all have real, working +852 numbers attached even if you never buy local service. (edit: I just tried it, I can still receive SMS here on my HK number)