Yep, if you miss the cutoff for the pre-processed batch (whatever it happens to be) you revert to the 'standard' posting interval of 24-72 (but usually ~48) hours after arrival.

Some recent IROPS, though, have started to make me believe that the cutoff is much later than I would have assumed -- possibly at some point same day. Or, alternative theory, same origin-destination doesn't throw the pre-processed balance. For example, had a 3 PM out of DCA that got CXLed and autorebooked ("severe weather"; my first indication that the flight had canceled was a text and email from UA that I had been rebooked) to a 2 PM at ~8pm local the night before. Miles posted on touchdown in EWR. Similarly I had MX force a misconnect in EWR and because I saw the writing on the wall I had the CLE UC just move me to the later connection ~T-4 hours and those miles posted as expected... but more significant changes have taken longer.