That's because they are an LPR aka Green Card holder, who have long been able to get Global Entry regardless of any CBP agreement with their native country. Indian green card holders do not need to get a police verification done in India, they just go through the same process a US citizen would go through.

Whether a LPR should be living 'most' of their time outside the USA is another matter. For one, your primary residence for Global Entry, legal, and immigration purposes is more or less dependent on where you spend 183 days out of the year Two, not fulfilling your 183 day requirements over multiple years can be grounds for cancelation of the Green Card. And they keep exit / entry records now based on passenger manifests and land exits to Canada so you can't really fib on your dates of travel (ie dates outside the USA), like people may have been able to do in the past.