You can also take the 397 bus if you are on the far side of Dam Square coming up Damrak. If you take the bus from Schiphol to Amsterdam Bus Station Elandsgracht, Dam Square is just a little further walk from the 397 bus stop than Centraal station. The bus takes 20 minutes longer than the train though.
https://connexxion.nl/amsterdam-airport-express/1241
https://www.connexxion.nl/dienstrege...dienstregeling
https://www.connexxion.nl/data/uploa...11b_web(1).pdf