You're going to have to ask the hotels directly. Each hotel can be different in how they handle renting out to minors. The problem is liability for you and liability for their property in the case that you cause damage to it. As for location that is something you want to consider. If you're bringing your own transportation you can sometimes find cheaper hotels outside of main areas but if not you can spend a lot on taxis or shuttles which can be avoided by spending a bit more than a central location.

The debit card is definitely something to get but not the best to use for rental as the hotel will charge the card for the stay and an additional amount to cover any room charges or damages. This money is then removed from your account in full and then refund the differece if no room charges or expenses are incurred which can take a week to return. If your parents are willing you should also look into becoming an authorized user on one of their credit cards. This will help you also in the long run credit game. Most cards allow the main holder to limit the spending of the authorized user but the card holder is responsible for the bill. You may be able to find a hotel that is willing to rent you a room if the parents sign documentation stating they are liable for you and your (or anyone with you) actions during the stay.