I'm fairly positive the next step is rpd, no exceptions. (specifically referring to a positive test on gloves after an opt-out)

I have heard, but not experienced, that if you ask them to test the gloves prior to the patdown and the gloves alarm, that they will change them without penalizing you. (which should be blatantly obvious, but this is TSA we're talking about)

I rather unsure of policy about alarms on objects or devices. In this midst of my rpd-related bag search, my laptop allegedly alarmed for nitrates, and their response was to go x-ray it again.