Had a stopover in Dubai in November. First time visit, landed at 14:00 to fly again at 07:00 next day.
We took one of the big red bus tours which showed us most of the sites mentioned above as well as a few more. They also included a stop at the Waffi (sic) hotel that had an amazing light show.
If you are there for a short time then it is inexpensive and worthwhile.