Just got back from DC and wanted to throw a couple casual spots for lunch on the list...
Good Stuff Eatery (303 Pennsylvania Avenue Southeast) - Run by Top Chef contestant Spike Mendelsohn. $10 @ Good Stuff gets you a cheeseburger, fries, and drink. Great location if you're headed to the Capitol.
Taylors Goumet (5th and K) - Flavorful hoagies (chicken, meats, veggies). Also good location for Chinatown area. Small indoor seating area, but the have tables outside as well.