Hi
AjedrecístaBritánico. Welcome to FT!
Canada, Mexico and Argentina are all in the Americas so not sure how you're going to get here without using an American-based or American-affiliated airline
I have no experience of Air Canada or Mexicana so can't offer advice on those 2 options. Option 3 is out for you because LAN flights between SFO and MIA are operated by American Airlines on a codeshare basis (ie you may have a LAN flight number on your ticket but you will be on an AA plane).
As for option 4, the only time I would fly Aerolineas internationally would be if the only other option to reach my destination was a 3-week boat journey. And even then I'd have to give the decision some serious thought!! Avoid Aerolineas at all costs - the delays and cancellations are terrible and the onboard service leaves a lot to be desired.
Out of interest, why the aversion to US-based airlines?