Going twice around the world - 100,000 miles of flying in mostly F and C/J
#1
Original Poster
Join Date: May 2005
Posts: 2,894
Going twice around the world - 100,000 miles of flying in mostly F and C/J

There are so many great trip reports that I came across on this forum that allowed me to experience second hand what it feels like to be going to these places. Also, some of the reports gave me new insights to the places that I have already been and upon my revisit, I was able to experience something completely different than what I had experience in my previous visits. Furthermore, as this is Flyertalk, I enjoyed the reports of flights, on-ground experiences, wild stories about cancellations and happy operational upgrades, etc. that made me feel at home
After having been a member, it is about time that I contribute, hopefully to give you my own perspectives about mileage, elite status, visiting places, and most importantly the planning process.
I want to take a bit of different approach than the traditional trip reports in that I want to interact with other FTers during the planning process and report each segment by segment once the trip commences. So, there will be some lag time between the planning and the actual travel (first flight in early August), but along the way, I hope that I can share the knowledge of planning, and also get some ideas from you to make the trip more memorable!
So, here's the first few installments of this 'mega' trip report that will take me and my wife 95,000 miles around the globe (twice!) and to six continents (except for Antarctica) between August and October.
Enjoy!
Table of contents
Preface
The itinerary
The neglected Trip Report that I never finished!
Separate link to the trip report - HERE -
Another TK fare 'mistake' - my view on mileage and elite status part I
[to be updated]
As list of posts specific to the trip planning and actual trip grows, I will update the table of contents for you to access individual posts.
Last edited by brahms77; May 15, 2011 at 5:44 pm
#2
Original Poster
Join Date: May 2005
Posts: 2,894
Preface
My passion for travel and airplanes dates back to my first ever flight on B727-200 with Korean Air to an island called 'Cheju' in South Korea. My parents took me along on their 3 year anniversary trip to revisit their honeymoon memories in Cheju island – for those of you who are not familiar with Korea and Cheju island, Cheju (or Jeju) is a volcanic island (not active) and the largest island in Korea that is situated in the South-west of the Korean peninsula. It is by far the most popular vacation and honeymoon destination in Korea and there are several carriers that fly multiple daily flights to cope with the travel demand to this beautiful island. Even as a 30-year-old, I still get the thrills when the airplane accelerates down the runway for take-off and the sudden rush air underneath lifts the large heavy metal aircraft up in the air.
Another thing that fascinates me about air travel is the fact that in less than half-day’s of plane ride (in most cases) I am in a completely different part of the world with days and night completely switched. My father and I still joke about that fact that I was in the US just 12 hours ago and now am sitting at the dinning table at home with the family! Despite all the passion about traveling and flying, there were certainly long periods of no flying and no international travel as my parents were busy with their work and didn’t have much time to take long vacations. I remember watching the sky with the traces of airplane contrails and wondering when I’d be back flying again. It was only when I was in college international travel picked up more. I was studying abroad in the US and was separated from my family so it had meant that I needed to travel back once or twice for few weeks to be at home! I think coming to the US to study, perhaps, was not my primary goal, and I was more excited about the possibility of international trips to come (you know I am joking, right?
)!
Nonetheless, during the early years as frequent flier/traveler (2000-2005), I only knew of frequent flier schemes through airlines program flyers/websites and the reward charts was the primary material in studying redemption possibilities. I must also add that during this period, the goal of mileage redemption was primarily for ‘free’ return trip home in economy class, rather than going somewhere else or experience the luxury of business and first class. There were occasional upgrade awards that I redeemed that allowed me to experience international premium cabin travel, but that was mostly limited to United, my primary carrier by choice. One thing I knew, even before my encounter with the FlyerTalk (FT), was to concentrate my flying to one carrier/partners that earns miles in my preferred frequent flier program. I also knew early on that programs with Asiana and Korean Air was did not have good earn-burn ratio so I basically abandoned my accounts with them (only to follow-up with Asiana just last few years as their qualification for Star Alliance gold level was rather easy).
My encounter with the FT was a complete game changer as to how I viewed mileage redemption. I quickly found out that mileage redemption had its best bang-for-buck when redeemed for an international premium cabin. Furthermore, I began to learn more and more about the values of being an elite member and ways to achieve status with almost same amount of money or a bit more. With my first elite status earned in 2003 (Premier with UA), I was quick to reach Premier Executive within months of reaching Premier. With some creative routings to get home during vacations (e.g. BOS-ORD-NRT-ICN vs. BOS-SFO-ICN) and some crazy (though not so crazy by FT standards) ticketing excursions here and there (e.g. BOS-SIN round trip booked in conjunction to SIN-ICN on a separate ticket that about the same as BOS-ICN round trip ticket), I was on my way to elite status faster.
With higher status and more travel opportunities (between my graduate degree and my doctoral studies, I worked as a consultant), miles piled up in my account and it gave me opportunities to fly in premium cabin for ‘leisure’ travels en-route to Korea or elsewhere. To this date, I have redeemed more than million miles from various programs (primarily with UA) for myself as well as for friends and family (the most memorable one so far was taking my parents to New Zealand and Australia in 2009 in business class – my father said the Air New Zealand flight from Tokyo to Auckland was most relaxing experience of all of his flights [he has a fair share of miles under his belt, but not so keen on mileage or status]).
Now I am married (December of 2009) to a lovely woman, a woman of my dreams and my soul mate, and you cannot imagine how happy I am to have a travel mate whom I can share and experience the beautiful sites around the globe and the excitement of flying. It turns out that my wife also loves flying! Even after a 10 hour flight in economy, she seems unsatisfied and tells me that she still wishes that the flight was few more hours longer; she doesn't seem to consider flights less than 10 hours a 'flight.'
Unlike me, my wife is not into mileage earnings or elite status (she is clueless)– she is as happy in economy class seat as in a business class seat. Whenever our upgrades don't clear, I sigh with disappointment, but my wife pats on my back and says, "cheer up, we're still going somewhere!" Despite her lack of interest in frequent flier/stay programs, she certainly have enjoyed the world of being elite, access to lounges, occasional business class travels, suite upgrades, and most importantly going to places that she has never imagined visiting (e.g. French Polynesia, Easter Island and the South American continent - last year as part of our honeymoon)!
Our first year together saw many trips abroad as part of a generous wedding gift from my father (around the world ticket with OneWorld alliance) and several work-related consulting trips to South Africa, Uganda, and China. Last year, my wife and I visited five different continents and flew more than 150,000 miles in both revenue flights and mileage award. We both made Executive Platinum status with American Airlines, which we used it to match to Continental Platinum status (long story short – we really didn’t like Oneworld’s baggage policy). So, with a decent amount of miles in two major alliances, I was dreaming of a trip where we are fed, pampered, and looked-after like a star – a major first class award travel around the world. But finding a time and organizing such a trip was never easy. However, one day in spring, an opportunity came by, along with few other project related trips this summer, that showed me a possibility of realizing this ‘dream.’
Another thing that fascinates me about air travel is the fact that in less than half-day’s of plane ride (in most cases) I am in a completely different part of the world with days and night completely switched. My father and I still joke about that fact that I was in the US just 12 hours ago and now am sitting at the dinning table at home with the family! Despite all the passion about traveling and flying, there were certainly long periods of no flying and no international travel as my parents were busy with their work and didn’t have much time to take long vacations. I remember watching the sky with the traces of airplane contrails and wondering when I’d be back flying again. It was only when I was in college international travel picked up more. I was studying abroad in the US and was separated from my family so it had meant that I needed to travel back once or twice for few weeks to be at home! I think coming to the US to study, perhaps, was not my primary goal, and I was more excited about the possibility of international trips to come (you know I am joking, right?
)! Nonetheless, during the early years as frequent flier/traveler (2000-2005), I only knew of frequent flier schemes through airlines program flyers/websites and the reward charts was the primary material in studying redemption possibilities. I must also add that during this period, the goal of mileage redemption was primarily for ‘free’ return trip home in economy class, rather than going somewhere else or experience the luxury of business and first class. There were occasional upgrade awards that I redeemed that allowed me to experience international premium cabin travel, but that was mostly limited to United, my primary carrier by choice. One thing I knew, even before my encounter with the FlyerTalk (FT), was to concentrate my flying to one carrier/partners that earns miles in my preferred frequent flier program. I also knew early on that programs with Asiana and Korean Air was did not have good earn-burn ratio so I basically abandoned my accounts with them (only to follow-up with Asiana just last few years as their qualification for Star Alliance gold level was rather easy).
My encounter with the FT was a complete game changer as to how I viewed mileage redemption. I quickly found out that mileage redemption had its best bang-for-buck when redeemed for an international premium cabin. Furthermore, I began to learn more and more about the values of being an elite member and ways to achieve status with almost same amount of money or a bit more. With my first elite status earned in 2003 (Premier with UA), I was quick to reach Premier Executive within months of reaching Premier. With some creative routings to get home during vacations (e.g. BOS-ORD-NRT-ICN vs. BOS-SFO-ICN) and some crazy (though not so crazy by FT standards) ticketing excursions here and there (e.g. BOS-SIN round trip booked in conjunction to SIN-ICN on a separate ticket that about the same as BOS-ICN round trip ticket), I was on my way to elite status faster.
With higher status and more travel opportunities (between my graduate degree and my doctoral studies, I worked as a consultant), miles piled up in my account and it gave me opportunities to fly in premium cabin for ‘leisure’ travels en-route to Korea or elsewhere. To this date, I have redeemed more than million miles from various programs (primarily with UA) for myself as well as for friends and family (the most memorable one so far was taking my parents to New Zealand and Australia in 2009 in business class – my father said the Air New Zealand flight from Tokyo to Auckland was most relaxing experience of all of his flights [he has a fair share of miles under his belt, but not so keen on mileage or status]).
Now I am married (December of 2009) to a lovely woman, a woman of my dreams and my soul mate, and you cannot imagine how happy I am to have a travel mate whom I can share and experience the beautiful sites around the globe and the excitement of flying. It turns out that my wife also loves flying! Even after a 10 hour flight in economy, she seems unsatisfied and tells me that she still wishes that the flight was few more hours longer; she doesn't seem to consider flights less than 10 hours a 'flight.'
Unlike me, my wife is not into mileage earnings or elite status (she is clueless)– she is as happy in economy class seat as in a business class seat. Whenever our upgrades don't clear, I sigh with disappointment, but my wife pats on my back and says, "cheer up, we're still going somewhere!" Despite her lack of interest in frequent flier/stay programs, she certainly have enjoyed the world of being elite, access to lounges, occasional business class travels, suite upgrades, and most importantly going to places that she has never imagined visiting (e.g. French Polynesia, Easter Island and the South American continent - last year as part of our honeymoon)! Our first year together saw many trips abroad as part of a generous wedding gift from my father (around the world ticket with OneWorld alliance) and several work-related consulting trips to South Africa, Uganda, and China. Last year, my wife and I visited five different continents and flew more than 150,000 miles in both revenue flights and mileage award. We both made Executive Platinum status with American Airlines, which we used it to match to Continental Platinum status (long story short – we really didn’t like Oneworld’s baggage policy). So, with a decent amount of miles in two major alliances, I was dreaming of a trip where we are fed, pampered, and looked-after like a star – a major first class award travel around the world. But finding a time and organizing such a trip was never easy. However, one day in spring, an opportunity came by, along with few other project related trips this summer, that showed me a possibility of realizing this ‘dream.’
Last edited by brahms77; May 12, 2011 at 8:09 am
#3
Original Poster
Join Date: May 2005
Posts: 2,894
The itinerary
In the beginning, I had envisioned this trip to be done consecutively in about a month and half's time. But with some logistical difficulties and the need to return to Montreal for one of my project for few weeks in September, I decided to break the trip in two parts. In the end, this was much more sane, cost-effective, and physically less strenuous solution than doing it all in 6 or 7 consecutive week's time.
In planning the trip, many FTers helped me decide and also verify my itineraries (as you can see some of my threads in Asia, Thailand, Australia and New Zealand, and Starwood fora). I am thankful for your advice and comments. I hope that as I solidify the remaining portions of the itinerary, you can provide more of your travel wisdom (via this thread).
So, the trip is in two big chunks of around the world routing. Naturally as I am currently residing in Montreal, YUL is the starting and ending point of the journey.
First part takes us in west direction around the world visiting Vancouver, Seoul [visit family], Cape Town [for doctoral project], Singapore, Hanoi, Bangkok, and Rio De Janeiro before returning to Montreal for few weeks to over see a project here at McGill for few weeks.
Second part of the journey is a bit more exciting with more of premium cabin flying (lots of F segments in two alliances!) and takes us in East direction around the world. During this second around the world itinerary, we will be visiting Panama City (being planned), Buenos Aires, Zurich (quick 6 hour peak at the city), Sydney, Cairns (great barrier reef), Ayers Rock, Melbourne, Kuala Lumpur, Siem Reap, Phuket/Khao Lak, and San Francisco before return to Montreal.
The itinerary is a mix bag of economy class, business, and first class, but more is focused on premium cabin (by proportion of flight time) than economy class. While most of the flights will be on legacy carriers such as SQ, LH, and QF, there will be two to three flights on low cost airlines (LCC) within South East Asia to keep the costs down. Also, as I am a doctoral student, this trip will eat up some of the savings from my consulting work prior to my PhD. So, I am a bit cost conscious (compared to when I am traveling for work
) so I will have to dish out my hard earned SPG points wisely to 1) stay at nice properties to rejuvenate from our long flights and tours, 2) retain my PLAT status with SPG by paying cash at some properties where the rates are low (or combine one night cash one night points, etc.), and 3) to enjoy some unique hotels (such as St. Regis Singapore) which I would not have stayed if not using points. I will report on hotel selection during the each stay (and my reasoning in choosing such hotel, etc.) in the posts coming.
Here's a quick summary of carriers, cabin booked, and routes for this trip and how it's relevant to this itinerary:
For the time being, the itinerary will be posted as I take each flight
In summary, premium cabin flights account for about 55% of the entire flight journey. I guess it's not 'mostly' in F/C and J but I guess it all depends on whether the CM flights actually clear for an upgrade with our Onepass Platinum status
Airlines flown: AC, SQ, TK (first time), CM (first time), LH, LX, TG, QF, CX, Air Asia (first time), AA (11 different Airlines)
# of Segments: 33
Total flown mileage: 94,574
Total flown mileage in F: 31,528
Total flown mileage in C/J: 20,048
Total flown mileage in Y: 42,998
First class long haul flights with: LH, LX, TG, QF, CX, AA
Business class long/short haul flights with: SQ, TK, LX, CM (if Plat upgrades comes through!), QF, CX
Economy class: Air Asia, AC, CM, SQ, AA
In planning the trip, many FTers helped me decide and also verify my itineraries (as you can see some of my threads in Asia, Thailand, Australia and New Zealand, and Starwood fora). I am thankful for your advice and comments. I hope that as I solidify the remaining portions of the itinerary, you can provide more of your travel wisdom (via this thread).
So, the trip is in two big chunks of around the world routing. Naturally as I am currently residing in Montreal, YUL is the starting and ending point of the journey.
First part takes us in west direction around the world visiting Vancouver, Seoul [visit family], Cape Town [for doctoral project], Singapore, Hanoi, Bangkok, and Rio De Janeiro before returning to Montreal for few weeks to over see a project here at McGill for few weeks.
Second part of the journey is a bit more exciting with more of premium cabin flying (lots of F segments in two alliances!) and takes us in East direction around the world. During this second around the world itinerary, we will be visiting Panama City (being planned), Buenos Aires, Zurich (quick 6 hour peak at the city), Sydney, Cairns (great barrier reef), Ayers Rock, Melbourne, Kuala Lumpur, Siem Reap, Phuket/Khao Lak, and San Francisco before return to Montreal.
The itinerary is a mix bag of economy class, business, and first class, but more is focused on premium cabin (by proportion of flight time) than economy class. While most of the flights will be on legacy carriers such as SQ, LH, and QF, there will be two to three flights on low cost airlines (LCC) within South East Asia to keep the costs down. Also, as I am a doctoral student, this trip will eat up some of the savings from my consulting work prior to my PhD. So, I am a bit cost conscious (compared to when I am traveling for work
) so I will have to dish out my hard earned SPG points wisely to 1) stay at nice properties to rejuvenate from our long flights and tours, 2) retain my PLAT status with SPG by paying cash at some properties where the rates are low (or combine one night cash one night points, etc.), and 3) to enjoy some unique hotels (such as St. Regis Singapore) which I would not have stayed if not using points. I will report on hotel selection during the each stay (and my reasoning in choosing such hotel, etc.) in the posts coming. Here's a quick summary of carriers, cabin booked, and routes for this trip and how it's relevant to this itinerary:
For the time being, the itinerary will be posted as I take each flight
In summary, premium cabin flights account for about 55% of the entire flight journey. I guess it's not 'mostly' in F/C and J but I guess it all depends on whether the CM flights actually clear for an upgrade with our Onepass Platinum status
Airlines flown: AC, SQ, TK (first time), CM (first time), LH, LX, TG, QF, CX, Air Asia (first time), AA (11 different Airlines)
# of Segments: 33
Total flown mileage: 94,574
Total flown mileage in F: 31,528
Total flown mileage in C/J: 20,048
Total flown mileage in Y: 42,998
First class long haul flights with: LH, LX, TG, QF, CX, AA
Business class long/short haul flights with: SQ, TK, LX, CM (if Plat upgrades comes through!), QF, CX
Economy class: Air Asia, AC, CM, SQ, AA
Last edited by brahms77; Jun 2, 2011 at 12:31 am
#4
FlyerTalk Evangelist




Join Date: Nov 2009
Location: Northeast Kansas | Colorado Native
Programs: Amex Gold/Plat, UA *G, Hyatt Globalist, IHG Plat Marriott LT Gold, NEXUS, TSA Disparager Unobtanium
Posts: 22,604
Looking forward to the report ^ And I don't think you are crazy
#5
Original Poster
Join Date: May 2005
Posts: 2,894
Thanks FriendlySkies. My wife thought I was crazy as one night I was talking in my sleep saying "after Hong Kong flight, let's hop on the flight to Bangkok in First Class."
Okay, more to come in the coming days when I am free to update with the 'stories' about planning each journey.
Until then, please feel free to leave me messages, comments, advice, etc.
The more you reply the more I will be motivated to finish the report at the end
I certainly promise to upload as many pictures as I can (good quality ones).
Okay, more to come in the coming days when I am free to update with the 'stories' about planning each journey.
Until then, please feel free to leave me messages, comments, advice, etc.
The more you reply the more I will be motivated to finish the report at the end
I certainly promise to upload as many pictures as I can (good quality ones).
#7
Original Poster
Join Date: May 2005
Posts: 2,894
Hey blueline, I forgot to leave a comment on your awesome F class buffet TR! That trip was simply amazing! Having cross the boarder (from the US), one thing I miss about the US is the credit card bonus. Nowadays there are crazy deals with credit sign up bonus... Here in Canada, the best thing I got was 15K AMEX MR with AMEX Gold.
Anyway, I will keep this updated frequently to give everyone my weekly thoughts (perhaps daily
).
Anyway, I will keep this updated frequently to give everyone my weekly thoughts (perhaps daily
).
#8
FlyerTalk Evangelist




Join Date: Apr 2003
Location: FLL, MEL, SIN, WAS
Programs: SQ, UA*Lifetime GS, Hyatt* Lifetime Globalist
Posts: 13,346
I am so looking forward to reading this trip report. You are so lucky to have a life partner/soul mate that enjoy flying.
As a business traveller, I envy those who have time to travel for leisure and visit places beyond business centres.
As a business traveller, I envy those who have time to travel for leisure and visit places beyond business centres.
#9

Join Date: Sep 2009
Programs: Qantas
Posts: 12
That sounds like an awesome trip. I would caution about trying to do the apostles (although they are called the 12 apostles there are actually only 9 1/2) from Melbourne in a day. I tried this earlier this week and was unsuccessful.
We left Mel at 9am and by lunchtime (1pm) we had only reached Apollo bay (about 1/2 way). This was with a stop for coffee and to change drivers. We turned back and headed home via the quicker route over the hills and avoiding the coastal route. We got back to Mel at about 7 that night.
I suppose that you could go straight there and then double back but I think that you will miss some amazing scenery along the coastal road. BTW our average speed along here was about 40-50km/h due to the twisting and turning.
If it was me, and of course its not, I would spend the day in Mel wandering the famous laneways and sipping coffees while taking in the culture, maybe dinner in one of the nicer restuarants.
It depends what you are looking for from your trip but for me Mel is one of the better cities in AUS spend some time in.
Of you want scenery then perhaps look at heading east out towards the Yarra valley and get some wine tasting done.
Just my opinion though. Safe travels
We left Mel at 9am and by lunchtime (1pm) we had only reached Apollo bay (about 1/2 way). This was with a stop for coffee and to change drivers. We turned back and headed home via the quicker route over the hills and avoiding the coastal route. We got back to Mel at about 7 that night.
I suppose that you could go straight there and then double back but I think that you will miss some amazing scenery along the coastal road. BTW our average speed along here was about 40-50km/h due to the twisting and turning.
If it was me, and of course its not, I would spend the day in Mel wandering the famous laneways and sipping coffees while taking in the culture, maybe dinner in one of the nicer restuarants.
It depends what you are looking for from your trip but for me Mel is one of the better cities in AUS spend some time in.
Of you want scenery then perhaps look at heading east out towards the Yarra valley and get some wine tasting done.
Just my opinion though. Safe travels
#10
Original Poster
Join Date: May 2005
Posts: 2,894
That sounds like an awesome trip. I would caution about trying to do the apostles (although they are called the 12 apostles there are actually only 9 1/2) from Melbourne in a day. I tried this earlier this week and was unsuccessful.
We left Mel at 9am and by lunchtime (1pm) we had only reached Apollo bay (about 1/2 way). This was with a stop for coffee and to change drivers. We turned back and headed home via the quicker route over the hills and avoiding the coastal route. We got back to Mel at about 7 that night.
I suppose that you could go straight there and then double back but I think that you will miss some amazing scenery along the coastal road. BTW our average speed along here was about 40-50km/h due to the twisting and turning.
If it was me, and of course its not, I would spend the day in Mel wandering the famous laneways and sipping coffees while taking in the culture, maybe dinner in one of the nicer restuarants.
It depends what you are looking for from your trip but for me Mel is one of the better cities in AUS spend some time in.
Of you want scenery then perhaps look at heading east out towards the Yarra valley and get some wine tasting done.
Just my opinion though. Safe travels
We left Mel at 9am and by lunchtime (1pm) we had only reached Apollo bay (about 1/2 way). This was with a stop for coffee and to change drivers. We turned back and headed home via the quicker route over the hills and avoiding the coastal route. We got back to Mel at about 7 that night.
I suppose that you could go straight there and then double back but I think that you will miss some amazing scenery along the coastal road. BTW our average speed along here was about 40-50km/h due to the twisting and turning.
If it was me, and of course its not, I would spend the day in Mel wandering the famous laneways and sipping coffees while taking in the culture, maybe dinner in one of the nicer restuarants.
It depends what you are looking for from your trip but for me Mel is one of the better cities in AUS spend some time in.
Of you want scenery then perhaps look at heading east out towards the Yarra valley and get some wine tasting done.
Just my opinion though. Safe travels
By the way, I am honored that your second post on FT is on my TR thread!
Last edited by brahms77; May 11, 2011 at 12:34 am
#11

Join Date: Sep 2009
Programs: Qantas
Posts: 12
Not a problem, I have learnt a lot from this forum but I have little to add so I can only chip in every now and then. Its all about helping isn't it?!
I am not sure about the great barrier reef as I have never been there but nearly everyone I have spoken to about it raves about the beauty. As for the rock (AYR) I am tempted to say that 1.5 days is 1 day longer than wanted but that would be harsh. I am assuming that you are going to see sunset and/or sunrise. There is little else to do there.
Travelling in October/November the weather should as least be nice for you, at least warmer that Canada.
Again this is only me, but a few days in tropical QLD (Queensland) at the great barrier reef followed by a day in Mel sounds great.

I am not sure about the great barrier reef as I have never been there but nearly everyone I have spoken to about it raves about the beauty. As for the rock (AYR) I am tempted to say that 1.5 days is 1 day longer than wanted but that would be harsh. I am assuming that you are going to see sunset and/or sunrise. There is little else to do there.
Travelling in October/November the weather should as least be nice for you, at least warmer that Canada.
Again this is only me, but a few days in tropical QLD (Queensland) at the great barrier reef followed by a day in Mel sounds great.
#13
Original Poster
Join Date: May 2005
Posts: 2,894
#15
Join Date: May 2010
Location: NJ
Posts: 1,389
Side note - there are only 7 left! http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/ano...-1225779728441
And I'm subbed to this thread now. Looks like it will be an AMAZING trip.
And I'm subbed to this thread now. Looks like it will be an AMAZING trip.



