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-   -   Article: TSA to focus on passenger behavior now (https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/practical-travel-safety-security-issues/559786-article-tsa-focus-passenger-behavior-now.html)

GUWonder May 19, 2006 5:45 am


Originally Posted by studentff
Agree with the second part but not the first.

In the months following 9/11 when random pullasides and gate checks were much more common (even without SSSS), there were all kinds of media reports from airport security workers of them being told from above not to avoid intentionally extra screening for arabs or "middle-eastern-lookng" types even if they were "suspicious," because it would give the appearance of racial profiling and generally look bad. There were also stories that some checkpoints were given "quotas" of the maximum number of arabs or "middle-eastern-looking" types they could pull aside over a given timeframe.

Did you really mean to use a double negative-type phrasing there with security workers "told from above not to avoid intentionally extra screening" "arabs" & "middle easterners"? As it is stated, it could be read by some to indicate that security screeners were given the "wink-wink, nod-nod" to go ahead and intentionally extra screen like xenophobes, which is exactly what they did. But I don't think that is what you are saying. Could you please restate that without the double negative-type phrasing which can lead to ambiguity?

Anecdotal news reports being just that, the number of frequent traveling males cross-referenced as being "Middle Eastern" and aged between the ages of 18-40 (or something like that) that flew out of DCA on one airline on one route were far more likely to be selected for additional gate-area screening than any other demographic group sampled and found to have similar travel patterns.

Also, the number of phone calls from airports that were handled by certain FBI field offices on matters that appear to have been related to people of "Middle Eastern" "origin" flying out of certain airports jumped up while calls from those same airports related to people not of "Middle Eastern" origin didn't seem to have skyrocketed in number.

This "behavioral profiling" idiocy will, in effect, be much the same, with selection based on xenophobia and then a lot of "easy targets" (e.g., elderly, flight crews "'accustomed' to the routine", etc.) to make it seem like xenophobia hasn't infected America.

Contrary to reports about "Middle Eastern" types being a "protected category", such persons are anything but a "protected" category when it comes to selection by security idiocy at airports (i.e., the haraSSSSment-producing engines, various blacklists, picked on by ignorant xenophobes at airports, etc.).

Even if security were given a maximum quota of the absolute number of "Middle Eastern" types that can be subjected to this nonsense per day, that number wouldn't rule out such types of persons from being selected 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, or even 10x more often. The only meaningful quota that would have the meaning you may be giving to it would be one that said that not more than X% of all "Middle Eastern" paxs at a particular airport may be selected on a given day and that X% was the same percentage as applicable to the majority/dominant ethnic group(s) too. That kind of numbers-based real opposition to xenophobic security selection won't happen this time either, and we'll just get more of the "wink-wink, nod-nod" xenophobia in action; and with this (like that), it'll be with the same kind of anecdotal news reports that mislead in such a way as to annoy the people who believe in racist profiling while making the "do-good-feel-good" (and "lip service") crowd believe that xenophobia hasn't infected more of us than it has.

Bart May 19, 2006 7:00 am

Deleted

GUWonder May 19, 2006 7:12 am


Originally Posted by Bart
It's both amusing and somewhat disheartening to read all the panicked posts in here. Thanks for a great laugh, folks!

What "panicked posts"? Opposing idiocy does not equate with panic.


Originally Posted by Bart
However, I, too, am skeptical that this program would really work. I think observation should already be a basic part of screening, but not to the extent mentioned in the article, which isn't written very objectively, by the way....but that's never stopped anyone in this forum from forming an opinion. Race should be a factor, but not in the way most people think. Let me give you an example: in many cultures, particularly Arab and Latin countries, people intentionally avoid eye contact with authority figures (let's just pretend that someone wearing a uniform is considered an authority figure for the sake of this example). This could easily be misinterpreted as a form of deception, nervousness, etc. Actually, it is a sign of respect because in these cultures, to look an authority figure in the eye is a sign of disrespect as well as confrontation. And in many of these countries, confronting a police officer is something one wants to avoid.

About the "intentionally avoiding eye contact", that's not necessarily true in Latin and "Arab"/"Middle Eastern" cultures. I've spent my fair amount of time -- and then some -- immersed in such cultures and I don't much see that "intentionally avoiding eye contact" thing as systematically routine in most all Latin and Arab majority areas. And isn't minimizing contact with LEOs/security people who may focus "on me" more or less common even in the US? If the cops go to your neighbor's house, the busy bodies in the neighborhood will be curious, right? You think the people getting the unsolicited visit in the US are going to want the visit, whether at home or not? I have my doubts that all people -- in the US too -- welcome unsolicited drop-ins/interactions with the cops/security folks.

Bart May 19, 2006 7:33 am

Deleted

GUWonder May 19, 2006 8:20 am


Originally Posted by Bart
C'mon, you're part of the circle-the-wagons crowd. You're just too stubborn to admit it.

So you claim, but you may be surprised yet again regarding the former (and other matters too).

Opposing idiocy does not equate with panic. So what "panicked posts" in this thread are you trying to talk about?

When I'm stubborn, then I am. That's called both having principles and using common sense even in the face of idiocy. Nothing to do with panic.


Originally Posted by Bart
Could be a matter of different perspectives and experiences. All I'll say is that I never visited these countries for pleasure. And you missed my point entirely, perhaps even intentionally: not everyone regards eye-to-eye contact as a sign of honesty. There are cultural factors that must be considered before attempting to interpret any human behavior.

Different perspectives and experiences? Certainly in some regards and then some. And in any event, I would hope so. I've visited places -- sometimes even the same place -- in various capacities, and not all -- or even most -- would qualify as "pleasure" either.

My point -- amongst others -- is that cultural factors don't trump individual or biological factors. That's the first rule of trying to understand human behavior and it "must be considered before attempting to interpret any human behavior."

Also, given these "behavior" based screenings are looking for "social" exceptions, there's the intrinsic assumption anti-social elements and other sociopaths are obviously identifiable in their doing more routine functions or that they do not understand how "the rest" operate. And there's no guarantee that is the case either -- especially not with terrorists, many of whom may not even be considered anti-social but for in the aftermath of a criminal act.

LessO2 May 19, 2006 8:31 am


Originally Posted by Mats
"It's been very effective overseas."

Hmmm...

"That's all the questions I have. Gate 16, Mr. Reid. Have a pleasant flight. Please keep your carry-on luggage with you at all times. Nice shoes."

HA!

This deserves the

:-: :-: POST OF THE WEEK AWARD :-: :-:

Good one, Mats.

LessO2 May 19, 2006 8:32 am


Originally Posted by Bart
It's both amusing and somewhat disheartening to read all the panicked posts in here. Thanks for a great laugh, folks!

:rolleyes: :rolleyes: :rolleyes:

Bart May 19, 2006 8:48 am

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asdca May 19, 2006 9:03 am

This is going to be very interesting for me. I intentionally avoid making eye contact with screeners, TSA people, etc. I found this to be an extremely effective way to avoid being pulled out for secondary gate screening back when they were doing that. The first few flights I took after 9/11, I sat in the gate area and specifically watched to see if there was any pattern to getting selected. The only one I came up with was that the people who made eye contact or smiled or somehow acknowleged the screeners were the ones who got picked. The people who focused on their boarding passes, their carryons, their companions or just stared off into space hardly ever were selected for additional screening.

I am, for the most part, not interested in making conversation with strangers and generally do whatever I can to avoid it. So if someone from TSA attempts to engage me in conversation, they're going to get the same response anyone else gets: the cold shoulder. I'm curious whether avoiding eye contact will continue to be effective as it was before.

Doppy May 19, 2006 11:08 am


Originally Posted by L-1011
Is THAT what they were doing in DFW (and apparently still are) as I wrote about a few months back? I wondered what the TSA was doing "helping" with the ID checking. I must not have been suspicious looking because I wasn't pulled aside.

They did it at a number of airports; not sure if DFW was one of them, but that's what this sounds like.


If all TSA can brag about is how many "regular" crooks they have been catching, I don't think this is a program suitable for TSA. They should be looking at transportation security and leave the rest to regular LEO. There is a very thin line around the "general consent" to screening and I'm afraid this can very well cross that line.
The problem is twofold: (1) the techniques can't tell the difference between someone smuggling drugs or nervous about having "too much" money on them and (2) there are almost no terrorists, but lots of other people doing other potentially illegal stuff.

So what you end up with is a lot of catches of people who are no threat to aviation security. Since I don't favor using the TSA as an arm of the DEA, I've got mixed feelings on such a program.


Originally Posted by Mats
"It's been very effective overseas."

Hmmm...

"That's all the questions I have. Gate 16, Mr. Reid. Have a pleasant flight. Please keep your carry-on luggage with you at all times. Nice shoes."

Actually, as I understand it, it was the behavioral profiling people who said that something was not right with this guy - two days in a row - but the airport security people said he was OK to fly over their objections and let him on.

etch5895 May 19, 2006 1:13 pm

I for one hope this plan does not come to pass. This smells to me like El Al security and I don't think that TSA or any local airport police are staffed sufficiently to actually carry this out in an effective manner. I'm an introvert by nature, and I don't like answering questions at the airport either.

And, it is difficult NOT to racially or ethnically profile when the majority of hijackings/terrorist incidents have been perpetrated by one or two ethnic groups. Realistically, I don't know of any elderly people or young children carrying out any sort of nonsense, but to be fair, they would be targeted by this as well.

I hope our leadership making the decisions thinks long and hard before implementing a plan such as this. I've watched too many of our civil liberties erode in the last few years in the name of national security.

MSY-MSP May 19, 2006 2:02 pm


Originally Posted by Doppy
They did it at a number of airports; not sure if DFW was one of them, but that's what this sounds like.


The problem is twofold: (1) the techniques can't tell the difference between someone smuggling drugs or nervous about having "too much" money on them and (2) there are almost no terrorists, but lots of other people doing other potentially illegal stuff.

So what you end up with is a lot of catches of people who are no threat to aviation security. Since I don't favor using the TSA as an arm of the DEA, I've got mixed feelings on such a program.


Actually, as I understand it, it was the behavioral profiling people who said that something was not right with this guy - two days in a row - but the airport security people said he was OK to fly over their objections and let him on.

With regards to Mr. Reid, I think that is what i read somewhere as well. However, it is my understanding that security (both behavioral and regular) said that he shouldn't fly and it was either AA or the ground personel there who overrode their concerns on the second day and allowed him to board. They figured it was the security overreacting.

What I would like to know, and i don't know, is has behavioral screening actually ever failed? I don't consider the Ried case to be a failure, because they caught him, twice only to have someone else override them. I know that behavioral screening will select non-threats, but has there ever been a documented case where behavioral screening totally missed a person who intended to do harm?

If it actually works that is great, all they have to do is figure out how to eliminate the false positives. However, if the failure rate, i.e. missed threats is there, then it doesn't add anything.

One other thing, while I don't necessarily like this, it at least shows me that someone is actually realizing that it isn't the sharp pointy things that we have worry about, it is the person who has them.

sjc_longhorn May 19, 2006 2:44 pm


Originally Posted by MSY-MSP
As for catching the fake ID's, drug runners, they actually have something to do with security, but absolutelynothing to do with aviation security. Catching these folks belongs to the province of law enforcment.

I would actually prefer to have those travelling on fake IDs busted. Weren't some of the legitimate 9/11 hijackers using fakes? It might contribute to safety. I hate the organization as much as anyone but would support the detection of fake IDs, but not via this SPOT nonsense. Stop contracting out the ID checking to 16 year-olds and we might get somewhere. I've dealt with federal agents who can't pull off kinesics (interpreting body language) -- why on earth would we assume the TSA can do it?

Drug runners and drug possessors? Eeek. Even when I was in law enforcement, I hated those cases. But they are criminal violations and are not for the TSA to be dealing with. Nabbing a personal use quantity of pot isn't going to stop the next 9/11.

TSA: you don't even belong in the airports. Stop trying to force your services on the railroads, subways, etc.

:td: STOP SPOT.

GUWonder May 19, 2006 2:53 pm


Originally Posted by Bart
I think it's erroneous to assume that behavior-based screening should be limited to potential terrorists. There are others such as the so-called "air rage" passenger.

If we're talking the obviously intoxicated, the airlines can police that themselves. Otherwise we're getting into TSA mission-creep (enlargement) mode.


Originally Posted by Bart
Point is that some people are just nervous by the whole screening experience, and it's not an indication of any criminal intent. I've had people apologize profusely for having a pair of scissors as if they were just caught stealing from the bank vault red-handed. And I've had to calm them down, explain that they didn't violate any laws and that the prohibition on scissors (at that time) was an administrative restriction. There are many different causes behind behaviors, and cultural upbringing is certainly a key factor that needs to be considered for why someone behaves a certain way or does NOT behave a certain way.

I still maintain that there's a "gut instinct" that is inherent in all of us. However, due to our own cultural upbringing, we dismiss these instincts or rationalize them away. Human interaction is far more than verbal communication. Body language is a key part of communication. In fact, 80% of communication is non-verbal, yet many of us dismiss it so quickly and rely on the 20% that is verbal.

As an intelligence officer, I had to be sensitive to the whole package. I've seen some intelligence officers take a scientific approach to the business and fail miserably. They were too mechanical and they failed to take cultural differences into account. There were others who had this knack of picking up on the subtleties of non-verbals and were quite successful.

To some, a lot of this is voodoo BS. It was referred to as the "giggle factor" by the conventional thinkers in the "business." That's mostly because they were too enamored with gadgets and computers that spit out statistical data and recorded conversations. My line of work was more into the nuances of a hand movement, eye movement, posture, and other behaviors which spell the difference between a successful operation and a polticial disaster.

I think you and I agree that it's a bad idea for TSA to attempt to formalize any attempts to assess human behaviors at the checkpoint. It's simply too complex. However, I think we may agree that if a screener "senses" that something is out of place and this "gut feeling" prompts the screener to be a little more attentive rather than attempt to rationalize it away, then this may result in more effective screening. But this is an individual characteristic. You can't package it and sell it wholesale.

Some people have this awareness, some people don't.

Screening to hire such people fails routinely too. After all, someone "can't package it and sell it wholesale" for others to buy it with any systematic assurances. Furthermore, it's rather common knowledge -- at least in some circles -- that women and babies are far better at picking up non-verbal cues. So does that mean more "'chicks' in uniform"? :D And "child labor" too? :eek:

GUWonder May 19, 2006 2:58 pm


Originally Posted by MSY-MSP
What I would like to know, and i don't know, is has behavioral screening actually ever failed? I don't consider the Ried case to be a failure, because they caught him, twice only to have someone else override them. I know that behavioral screening will select non-threats, but has there ever been a documented case where behavioral screening totally missed a person who intended to do harm?

Yes, I've said it before here: El Al has screened and let terrorists get on board LY flights. That those terrorists were not going to kill LY passengers -- at least not on that day -- doesn't change the fact that terrorists got on board (repeatedly) on those flights despite "behavioral screening" being in play.


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