i'll try:
100% Premier Executive mileage bonuses: Does this mean for every mile I fly I get I get 2 in my mileage plus account balance?
Yes.
Star Alliance lounges: Can I use the Red Carpet lounges in US domestic terminals if I am flying internationally?
I believe so, yes.
Upgrades: any chance of getting an upgrade on international flights if there is room?
You need to pay, use systemwide upgrade or miles - very hard to get a "comp" upgrade