For the first time I went through the M&M website and reviewed the rules for earnings on the various Star Alliance carriers. The rules for codeshares appear to be somehow variable:

Most Star Alliance Carriers: You can also earn miles if you have booked your flight under Air Canada flight number and this flight is operated by Lufthansa, SWISS or another Star Alliance partner.

South African: Throughout the entire South African Airways route network, including South African Airline and South African Express flights (if operated under an SA flight number) you can earn miles.

For further carriers (eg all of the "inner circle carriers" like LH, LX or LO but also TAP or SpanAir), codeshares are not mentioned at all. I ask myself whether or not there is method in it. I do not believe that problems with codeshares on the inner circle carriers appear (however, there is a bit of confusion with that too like LX of AF), but however, I remember that we had certain discussion on a UA Codeshare on SA. Any thoughts?