OP: In terms of noodles, Kishimen and Misonikomi are Nagoya specialties, which are included in this: http://www.kr.jal.com/world/en/guide...on/ngo/dishes/

I would recommend the very easy to find ESCA (Nagoya train station subterranean shopping area) which has yaba-ton (misokatsu) and pretty much anything else. They have fast food old school ramen (sugakiya) and good fish place (suzunami) too. Top of department stores have very nice selection of restaurants as usual.

For American style breakfast, I bet JR Marriott has one of those breakfast vikings (buffet for Americans), if not, I know for sure that Nagoya Kankou hotel has a breakfast viking and Hilton probably has one as well.

*EDIT: I was wrong about Yamamotoya being at ESCA but there is one on the 13th floor of JR Central Towers.
http://www.yamamotoya.co.jp/day/tempo01.html