If you arrive EDI at 10 am in BF, you can clear immigration and have your bags in 15-20 min. The DL flt. never has anyone on it anyway (to potentially clog immigration) although it does usually arrive closer to schedule at 905 am than most CO flts. do. The rental car process is a little slower than in the US - even frequent renters take some time to process. If you are 2 or 3 deep in the queue that can be 10-15 min.
I wouldn't bother with going to the Quality Inn a mile away to take a shower and then trying to return to the terminal to get your rental car.........ugh. It's BF for 5hr 59 min. not a flt. to India. If you wouldn't take a shower after an LAX-EWR redeye you won't need one here either. Plenty of time for that after 18 holes and a pint or two. If you are traveling to the St. Andrews area to play you won't want to dilly-dally as it takes about 90 min. to make the trip and daylight gets short over there in a hurry.
All in all w/o a shower you should have no problem getting the car and heading to the course in 30 min. or less from arrival.