Hi Tor,
The US VISIT programme is evolving over time. Not all airports have the check out kiosks yet. (OT, doesn't it make you feel like being at a hotel, you check in and out)
Step 1 is to introduce the kiosks, they are still optional, and not present at all airports.
Step 2 will be to make it compulsory to show your check out receipt before you can board the plane (or they will have handheld machines to check you out there and then)
(Of course, what stops you from checking out and then walking out of the airport or getting on a domestic flight to somewhere in the US ...)
Cheers,
GenevaFlyer