The flight display typically shows ground speed (which is what would interest a passenger) and not airspeed (which is what is important to the dynamics of flight). Consider that the airplane doesn't care how fast it is moving, but rather how fast the air is moving over its wings. This is why airplanes typically take off and land as close to directly into the wind as possible. If your Vr speed is 100kts, and you are taking off into a 25kt headwind, you only need to gain 75kts of speed on the ground to have the air flowing over the wings at 100kts. Winds in the NYC area were quite strong on Sunday night, so that's likely what happened.

On a related note, unless you are flying directly into the wind, there is a crosswind component when you are landing. This requires a crab (nose of the plane not pointed in the direction of travel, using the rudder to 'correct' the yaw) or a slip (basically, using the ailerons to correct the drift). When correcting for the crosswind, you will generally have the nose of the aircraft pointed slightly into the wind, with that wing slightly lower than the other, in a properly coordinated crosswind landing. You will touchdown on the upwind wheel first, then the downwind, then point the aircraft down the centerline of the runway and touch down the nosegear. The increase in engine thrust you heard was most likely the thrust reversers coming on to slow the plane down.