Welcome to Flyertalk, jasjmtch! ^

The previous poster gave you the link the easiest way of identifying these fares. If you want to gain a deeper understanding of how airfare works, I suggest going to the MileageRun forum and reading and re-reading and re-reading the stickies in that forum with their many helpful links.

Your post is not buzz about earning miles so would be more appropriate in the travel buzz forum. Hopefully a moderator can move it for you.