Should they be disclosed? Yes, but in most locations there isn't a regulation saying they have to be, and where there is some small print hidden away in the book in every room with a room service menu usually has it.
I've seen charges as high as $6, but in most cases it's $1 or $1.50. Lots of places use to have a rolling price, where the first 20 minutes was free, then a dollar a minute or whatever after that for local and 800 calls, because everybody was tying up a limited number of lines with data calls.
Back in the pre cell days, I always asked if there was a charge for local or 800 calls. If there wasn't I would either use my 800 number or my calling card if there was local access. I know one chain made a point of having phone charges next to the phone, forget who it was, but it was a huge thing to actually be honest with the calls.