It varies, and it's best you consult with the card issuer before doing anything.

This could also be seen as a prelude to fraud -- you overpay your account with a bad check, then charge your credit line + bad check. They might put a hold on the overpaid funds until they're sure they clear, especially if it's a new account.

There was someone on FT that ran into trouble with his US Airways Juniper card that way. He wanted to charge it to the max and pay it off several times during the billing cycle, but they put a hold on the paid funds because it was a new account.