We’ve travelled to HI, CA and IL this spring with our girls aged 1 and 3. We didn’t rent a car so we used taxis, shuttles and limousines between airports and hotels. There was never the slightest problem not having car seats. When we asked the drivers, answers ranged from “Oh, that is not required for commercial vehicles” to “you know, we have laws and we have tinted windows”.
Dangerous? At least those vehicles had proper seats and seat belts. I felt much less safe on the Honolulu city bus where we often had to stand in the aisle with the kids. And that was perfectly legal.