My experience with Priceline reservations is that most, and possibly all hotels will give you points on incidentals, but not on the actual hotel room. Hilton will also give you credit for a stay toward elite status, but Starwood won't. And some hotels will give you an upgrade if you're an elite with their chain, but some won't.

BTW, here's the official Starwood policy, as stated by Starwood Lurker here on the Starwood forum:

As far as Starwood Preferred Guest is concerned, you are entitled to Gold elite benefits such as an upgrade to a Preferred room type based upon availability at check-in and a 4 PM late check-out regardless of where you made your reservation or the rate you pay. It has been discussed that this is an "unwritten" rule that is applied at some hotels, but it is not in compliance with the Terms and Conditions of membership in Starwood Preferred Guest.
Since you made your reservation with Priceline.com, however, you are not eligible for Starpoints (other than those for incidental charges) and they stay will not count toward status re-qualification or the Free Weekends promotion currently running. We suggest if you want Starpoints for your incidentals, present your card at check-in. You will need to do so in order to be considered for an upgrade regardless. The 4 PM late check-out is not optional. It is a guaranteed benefit of the Gold elite level.

Like Sheryl says, be sure to give them your Frequent Guest number when you check in. And there's nothing wrong with asking them if they'll give points and/or an upgrade, but don't press it! If they say no, they probably can't give it to you, so don't embarrass yourself or the clerk! Remember, all you contracted for was a room, and nothing else...no points, no elite credit, no upgrade, no special requests.

If you get any of them, it's gravy. You will invariably read here or on Sheryl's board about folks who have gotten points and miles for the stay, as well as elite credit. As a hotel rep. on Sheryl's board said, if you got them it was because of an error or an exceptionally kind desk clerk. A nice extra, but you're not entitled!

If you wanted the extras that badly, you should have booked directly with the hotel. Me...I'll just settle for getting the room at less than half the lowest advertised price!

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In Economy...no one can hear you scream!