Many places (like ITA below) refer to them as carrier-imposed surcharges. In the end, all consumers are really looking at is total price. Note that AS fare construction at the bottom still shows a 'Q' surcharge of $180 which is not broken out of base fare amount in ticket price breakdown. While BA has an identical 'YQ' surcharge of $180 which is broken out. But a consumer is just going to look at total price when comparing the BA and AS fares below which have same fare basis codes, booking class, and similar fare rules, but where BA is offering a cheaper price (these are both Main fares an indicated by 'M' in second to last position of fare basis codes).

While there is no "law" against AS selling the cheaper BA fare. BA may be contractually limited to selling it on AA/BA ticket stock as part of JV agreement (even if it might want to open fare rules up to allow AS to sell these BA fares). Note that there are anti-trust laws where AS/BA could get in trouble if they get too cozy in coordinating fare pricing. AA/BA have anti-trust immunity from government regulators and are allowed to coordinate their TATL fare pricing. AS has issues like all airlines (I'm not a regular AS flyer personally), but I don't believe all of these things are simply due to "incompetence" and will leave it at that.