Good question...more in Europe, could be, but more than a cultural factor, I think there could be other reasons to take into account. From my experience :
- hotels generally reluctant to provide ALL benefits are certainly more prone to deny late check out. Those are certainly more prominent in Europe than RoW
- small/medium-size hotels cannot afford to have housekeeping staff past a certain time, especially in countries with high labor costs. I remember a Mercure in France fully booked for the next evening refusing me honestly a checkout at 4 pm because their last housekeeping person leaves at 2 pm, and of course, I totally understand that. But another day, they accepted because hotel not full and they just keep the room uncleaned until the next day when housekeeping can take care of it.
- hotels in Asia and US are often bigger and often provides turn down service in the evening, so they have staff available at late time to clean rooms.

At the end, I believe it always goes back to the management, how they value loyalty and how they instill this attitude within their team.