For sure plenty time, also there are various stations which will bring you to the airport.
Could go to Centraal, which is will bring you close to the dam and the most touristy area.
Could also go to Zuid and take the metro from there (very easy to connect, could bring you directly to the Dam).

What you'd want to do depends a bit on how often you've been in the city before. It's very walkable so just walking around the canals/rembrandt plein etc might be nice. Could even do a canal cruise with food hypothetically speaking.
There are Dutch restaurants, but its quite multiculti and when going for dinner its more common to eat a different cuisine (like asian/italian/surinamese/indonesian/etc) rather then Dutch. When going touristy, it might be nicer to go to a restaurant at the canals rather than at Dam square. But please, if you want stroopwafels/cheese, just go to the market or a supermarket.

If you've been to Amsterdam a lot already you could also consider visiting different cities. Especially with longer layovers, as Utrecht/Haarlem/Leiden/The Hague/Rotterdam are all within 30 mins reachable by public transport and 45 mins for Delft & Keukenhof (april/may).