My experience is that if I have a same day flight and the counter is open for another flight, they will generally take my bag even at outstations, but I never tried anything crazy like many hours ahead. Usually it's the case of AF and KL having flights at similar time so the counter opens earlier for the other flight and I have no problem checking in. The only time I've tried something longer recently was when I was self-connecting at LHR and was able to check my bag on LO some 6 hours before departure.

As for Transavia, the lack of IT integration with AFKL is absolutely ridiculous given that it's their own company. I simply avoid any itinerary that involves both Transavia and AFKL, even though I don't mind taking Transavia point to point.