- Yes, Airalo (and other similar travel SIMs, or even roaming on your home SIM) gets you a different path with different filtering.
- Yes, you select the Qatar SIM from Airalo so that you have a SIM that is recognised by whatever telco in Qatar Airalo partners with.
I am not a Telegram user, but I think most countries in the ME allows that at the national level, so in the airport in Doha this would be a choice of the local network's filtering.
Also, another way of seeing this, using wifi vs using your phone's 3G/4G/5G (mobile data) is two seperate paths from your phone to the outside world. They can have seperate sets of filtering (and other issues), so if you ever suspect your local network of filtering stuff then disable wifi and see what you get with mobile data connection.
Also, this thread kinda made me realise I've probably been a dummy about the network issues in HIA. Why on earth haven't I thought of travel SIMs for Qatar, when I use them all over the world for other things in my world. I must have passed through that airport at least 100 times over the years.
-A