You can use either S-Bahn Line 1 or Line 8 (Line 8 stops at Marienplatz before the Hauptbahnhof, unlike Line 1). 38 minutes for Line 8, 44 mi
Right at Marienplatz itself is the old CIty Hall with the animated clock characters and other attractions.
I second the recommendation for checking out the Viktualmarkt, just a couple of blocks from the Marienplatz station. Enclosed and open-air food stalls and places to eat and drink
Links:
Transit System Website:
http://www.mvv-muenchen.de
Route Map:
http://mvv-muenchen.de/web4archiv/ob...etz_041212.jpg
Prices:
http://www.mvv-muenchen.de/en/home/f.../index.html#10
Airport Website:
http://www.munich-airport.de/EN/