"Short haul plus" (the 80TPs routes for C) is a concept exclusively used for BA or where another airline codeshares the same route as BA to avoid discrepancies (e.g. the LHR-HEL route). If, for instance, you fly CDG-HEL on AY, you would only get 40 TPs.

Beyond that, the short v long haul earning scales normally apply for all airlines for flights under and above 2000 miles, and 6000 is the threshold for extra long haul. "Normally" is the operative word here because there are exceptions but paradoxically, they are mostly unfavourable to BA flights - so for instance BA flights to LCA, TLV, AMM, CAI which are all above 2000 miles are credited as short haul plus and not as long haul. You do not have similar excpetions when flhying flights over 2000 miles on AA for instance.

There are some threads on short haul plus routes giving the specific details on which routes, etc. Some threads also discuss problematic exceptions such as BA routes anove 2000 miles that do not earn long haul TPs and a couple of BA 6000+ miles which do not earn the super long haul TPs.