Not in my experience. Everything with an overnight connection towards UA flights cannot be checked through - tried this multiple times in the past and have a 100% quota of failing. Reason is UA which prohibits this, and Lufthansa clearly states it this way for the Late night check-in, which is in a sense similar as bags have to be stored outside of the travelers custody over night:

Late-night check-in to the USA, Canada and Mexico

The late-night check-in is situated in the check-in areas especially designated for these destinations and is possible for both direct flights and connections. Please note that, unfortunately, late-night check-in is not available for flights with Air Canada from Munich and Frankfurt.

Exception: connecting flights to the USA when the transatlantic flight is operated by a US airline.
https://www.lufthansa.com/de/en/pre-check-in

Greetings - Dirk