Just an update - absolutely no issues with a RUH transit >12h. Upon de-boarding the bus, you get to a security checkpoint, at which point an airport staff members asks where you're flying to. I was a bit worried here, but this was just to make sure people are at the correct terminal, nobody checked the visas. Then after the security check, there's nobody to check your passport.

SV RUH lounge dragon is another story... claimed one can only stay in the lounge for 4h (not very useful on a 14h connection) and had an issue with my status not being on my boarding card, even though I showed her my AZ card. Eventually, the staff member changed and she didn't even bother checking anything as we entered.