1. You can claim EC261/2004 cancellation compensation, given that your flight was cancelled.
1a. Compensation can be halved based on your arrival time.

2. Your Uber cost depends on where you left from. Anywhere nearby Newark or NYC proper should be fine, under Article 8 Paragraph 3.
I'm thinking there's a ruling that says departure from a different airport in the same metro triggers the same as arrival into a different airport in the same metro, but can't be bothered to try and look it up.