Looks like they've changed the way linked numbers are handled. My screen looks similar but the top line is "iOS Device / (this device)" without a phone number.

Maybe try unlinking the number that corresponds to your phone? settings > devices and numbers > your device, set to "no number" and/or delete that linked number at the bottom of the same screen.

Also, you can check that everything else is working correctly by switching on "web" on the linked devices screen and seeing if calls ring on voice.google.com in a browser.