Many travel eSIM are actually from a different country than the one you've bought them for - which is why you need to enable roaming for them to work. It sounds like your eSIM is actually for a Polish provider, roaming in Portugal. When a SIM is roaming, all data is backhauled to the country that the SIM is from before being dropped on the internet - so from the perspective of anyone doing geolocation on the resulting IP address, you were in Poland (there are exceptions where this backhaul doesn't happen, but they are rare).

Google is unfortunately shocking at handling this if you're not willing to login. You can change the language, but it frequently reverts. If you're using a web browser you can try going to https://www.google.com/en which used to work perfectly in years gone by, but now days seem to be a bit hit-n-miss.