Potential first time visitor to Japan here in Oct/Nov, just starting to plan a trip and even research Japan today and noticed that this Japan Rail Pass price hike is imminent.

Having absolutely no idea of what any of the terms people mention in this thread mean, what kinds of trains, busses etc there are in Japan, and very little time to research public transport in Japan, whats the easiest and quickest way to figure out before the deadline in less than 24 hours:

- whether or not the pass at todays old price makes sense for the very rough itinerary I have in mind for two people travelling within 21 days from NRT to Yokohama, commuting from Yokohama to Tokyo and back maybe 4-6 times, travelling from Yokohama to Hokkaido (Nizeko) and back to Tokyo, a couple more trips within Tokyo, and travelling from Tokyo back to NRT airport.
- ordinary or green
- where to even order it and if there is a way to pick it up at NRT in case it is an actual card / pass, there might not be enough time to have it shipped
- is this JP rail pass all you need to travel within Tokyo on public transport or are there any busses, trains etc that are not covered?