Mac port(s) is not "factory" but installs fairly easily. Most, but not all of the packages you can "apt-get" seem available to "port install"

The officially Apple line is probably that their App Store is their package manager.

Mac, Linux, WIndows. All 3 have holes the others fill. Running 2 of the 3 tends to get you most of the way.

Ran Debian for many years, forget the version. Somewhere around sid. Have a couple of raspberry pi's - great little headless systems for tinkering.