Originally Posted by
seawolf
If you define immigration exit control as stamping a passport then you are correct there is no control.
However there’s more going on at immigration than just stamping a passport such as tracking exit and preventing individuals wanted by authorities from departing.
Exit is tracked. From CBP perspective by air it is via APIS (CBSA has something similar), by land, via Exit/Entry agreement between CBP and CBSA.
It’s been documented that CBP will pull passenger off a departing flight due to APIS information submitted by the carrier matching person of interest. They can also do a money search on the departing jet bridge/land border.
Just because you don’t see a checkpoint doesn’t mean there are no immigration exit controls.
Let's say you enter by air into Canada. They scan your US passport. And you exit by land. The CBP agent just takes a look at your passport and waves you through.
How does Canada know you exited?