In the U.S., a credit card dispute addresses only the incorrect charges to the credit card. After the credit card company upholds the dispute, the credit for the disputed amount becomes permanent, and they are pretty much done with the matter.

However, this decision isn't a court judgement. If the merchant can't get the money from the credit card company, the merchant is free to pursue collection by other means, such as sending you a bill in the mail, sending the bill to collections, or by taking you to court.

Again, at least that's the way it is in the U.S. I'm sorry to hear about your troubles with Hertz. Based on the company's actions of late, I think twice about using Hertz these days....