I think it's the operating carrier that matter; if the flight is operated by Qatar, the partner rules apply (i.e. you will earn miles based on the distance flown etc.).

According to https://www.aa.com/i18n/travel-info/...rdmilesandeqds

For tickets including both American-marketed and partner-marketed flights, AAdvantageŽ miles are calculated based on the policy for each flight. Flights that are marketed by American earn based on your prorated ticket price (base fare plus any carrier-imposed surcharges); flights marketed by partner airlines earn based on a percentage of the distance flown as determined by the fare class purchased.