Interesting question to which I don't have an answer but a couple of comments.

The first is that if they are citizens of Israel, that may provide jurisdiction to the authorities for offences carried out in locations other than Israel. Most states have some offences that they can prosecute their citizens for irrespective of where in the world the offence was committed.

The second and more important consideration is that a number of states exercise jurisdiction over those on flights inbound to its airports, irrespective of the nationality of the metal or the territory above which such an offence occurs. By way of example, if a French national commits an offence on a British Airways aircraft over Canada on a flight bound for JFK, the US authorities have given themselves the right to exercise jurisdiction over that individual and have indeed enshrined that right in domestic federal law.

I have no idea what Israel has done, (and frankly, life is too short to research the point, Mrs. M wants to go out for breakfast before it gets too hot here in Singapore) but there is no fetter on Israel having legislation in place which permits prosecution of a passenger for an offence committed in US airspace, on US metal, on a flight bound for an airport where Israel has jurisdiction. (Oh and just to add that doesn't remove any right of jurisdiction that the US may have).