Once the agent agrees, it has typically been almost instant (credit email) from AC. Sometimes the agent has offered to stay on the line to make sure I get it. Credit on my CC has taken up to 48 hrs.
I had a refundable tx with a penalty (P fare) during Covid that required quite the process to get a refund. Hence my language in the previous para. The agent did not do what I requested in this instance and the tapes backed me up. Be sure to note time/date of call and agent’s name.